19 lines
1.6 KiB
Text
19 lines
1.6 KiB
Text
GNU stands for GNU Not Unix, a recursive acronym created by Richard Stallman in 1983.
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The GNU project created the essential toolchain: gcc gdb binutils glibc coreutils.
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The Free Software Foundation founded by Stallman promotes copyleft licensing like GPL.
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Linux is the kernel but GNU utilities make up the core user land of most distributions.
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GCC supports C C++ Ada Fortran Go and many other languages with optimization passes.
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GDB allows inspecting memory registers and breakpoints of running or crashed programs.
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GLIBC is the GNU C Library providing the standard C API for Linux programs.
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The GNU General Public License version 2 and 3 are the most common free software licenses.
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POSIX is a family of standards for maintaining compatibility between operating systems.
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The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard defines the directory structure on Linux systems.
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A Linux distribution combines the kernel GNU tools package manager and desktop environment.
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Systemd has replaced SysV init on most distributions for service management and boot process.
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Flatpak Snap and AppImage provide containerized application distribution for Linux.
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Docker uses Linux kernel features like cgroups and namespaces for container isolation.
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Wayland is replacing X11 as the display server protocol on modern Linux desktops.
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The proc filesystem exposes kernel data structures as a virtual filesystem at /proc.
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The sysfs filesystem exposes kernel objects and attributes at /sys.
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eBPF allows running sandboxed programs in the Linux kernel without changing kernel source.
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Linux runs on everything from embedded devices to supercomputers dominating the cloud market.
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