Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/Xertis/VoxelEngine-Cpp

doc/en/block-properties.md

@@ -241,6 +241,15 @@ Number of block inventory slots. Default - 0 (no inventory).
 
 Array of three integers. Default value is `[1, 1, 1]`.
 
+### *grounding-behaviour*
+
+Defines the behavior of the extended grounded block. Available behavior options:
+
+- "partial" - at least one segment must be grounded (default)
+- "complete" - all segments must be grounded
+- "origin" - origin segment must be grounded
+
+
 ## Block fields
 
 Block fields allow you to write more data unique to a specified voxel than the user bits allow.

doc/en/main-page.md

@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ Documentation for 0.31.
 - [Rigging](rigging.md)
 - [Scripting](scripting.md)
 - [Text styles](text-styles.md)
+- [VCM models format](vcm.md)
 - [World generator engine](world-generator.md)
 - [XML UI building](xml-ui-layouts.md)

doc/en/scripting/builtins/libblock.md

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ block.get_picking_item(id: int) -> int
 block.get_variant(x: int, y: int, z: int) -> int
 
 -- Sets the block variant by index
-block.set_variant(x: int, y: int, z: int, index: int) -> int
+block.set_variant(x: int, y: int, z: int, index: int)
 
 -- Checks if an block has specified tag
 block.has_tag(id: int, tag: str) -> bool

doc/en/vcm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# VCM
+
+A text format for describing 3D models, replacing the deprecated `model-primitives` property.
+
+Syntax:
+
+```
+@primitive attribute (value1, value2,...) attribute2 "value3" {
+    @inner_primitive ...
+}
+```
+
+Same structure in XML:
+
+```xml
+<primitive attribute="value1, value2,..." attribute2="value3">
+    <inner_primitive .../>
+</primitive>
+```
+
+Unlike XML, the root can contain multiple elements.
+
+Currently, there are three types of primitives: `tri`, `box`, `rect` and `part` (describes a part of a primitive, such as the side of a cube).
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> By default, texture coordinates are determined by the dimensions of the primitives.
+> For sizes greater than 1.0, the result is undefined and may change in future updates.
+> Use `region` or `region-scale` for manual adjustments.
+
+## Primitives
+
+### `tri` Properties
+
+This primitive describes a triangle.
+
+- `a` - Point A. Example: `a (0,0,0)`
+- `b` - Point B. Example: `b (1,0,0)`
+- `c` - Point C. Example: `c (1,1,0)`
+- `uv` - Normalized texture coordinates of the points (6 numbers, 2 per point). Example: `uv (0,0,1,0,1)`
+- `texture` - The texture to display. Default: `$0`. Example: `texture "blocks:sand"`
+- `region` - UV region within the selected texture, defined by the positions of opposite corners of a square of normalized texture coordinates. Example: `region (0,0,1,1)`
+- `region-scale` - multiplier vector for the UV region. Example: `region-scale (0.5,1)`
+- `shading` - determines whether shading is enabled on the primitive. Example: `shading off`
+
+By default, texture coordinates are not affected by shape or size, unlike other primitives.
+
+### `rect` Properties
+
+This primitive describes a parallelogram using the right and up vectors.
+
+- `from` - the origin of the primitive. Example: `from (0,0.5,0.125)`
+- `right` - the X vector, which also determines the width of the primitive. Example: `right (1,0,0)`
+- `up` - the Y vector, which also determines the primitive's height. Example: `up (0,1,0)`
+- `texture` - the texture to display. Default: `$0`. Example: `texture "blocks:sand"`
+- `region` - the UV region within the selected texture, defined by the positions of opposite corners. Example: `region (0,0,1,1)`
+- `region-scale` - the multiplier vector for the automatically selected UV region. Example: `region-scale (0.5,1)`
+- `shading` - determines whether shading is enabled on the primitive. Example: `shading off`
+- `flip` - flips the UV region horizontally or vertically. Example: `flip v`
+
+### `box` Properties
+
+This primitive describes a rectangular parallelepiped.
+
+- `from` - the primitive's origin. Example: `from (0,0,0)`
+- `to` - the point opposite the origin. Example: `to (1,1,1)`
+- `origin` - the point relative to which the rotation will be applied. Default: the center of the primitive. Example: `origin (0.5,0.5,0.5)`
+- `rotate` - rotation around the (x,y,z) axes in degrees, or a quaternion (x,y,z,w). Example: `rotate (45,0,0)` or `rotate (0.3826834, 0, 0, 0.9238795)`
+- `texture` - the default texture to display for all sides.
+- `shading` determines whether shading is enabled on the primitive. Example: `shading off`
+- `delete` deletes sides by name (top, bottom, east, west, north, south)
+
+### `part` properties (nested in `box`)
+
+This primitive describes the properties of the sides of a rectangular parallelepiped with the specified tags (top/bottom/north/south/east/west).
+
+- `tags` - determines which side the properties will be applied to. Example: `tags (top,bottom)`
+- `texture` - the texture to display. Default: `$side_index`.
+- `region` - the UV region within the selected texture, defined by the positions of opposite corners. Example: `region (0,0,1,1)`
+- `region-scale` is a multiplier vector for the automatically selected UV region. Example: `region-scale (0.5,1)`
+
+## Skeleton
+
+VCM can describe the [skeleton](rigging.md) of a model. The `@bone` element is used for this.
+
+There are two types of bones:
+- unnamed - used only for transformations on inner primitives and not included in the final skeleton.
+- named - will be included in the final skeleton. The name is specified via the `name` attribute.
+
+The main bone (`root`) is created automatically for the entire model.
+If bones are explicitly specified, the model will be divided into several parts named as `model_name.bone_name`.
+Since the model is an asset and has no prefix, the loaded skeleton receives the model name, also without a prefix.
+The loaded skeleton can be used in the [entity](entity-properties.md#skeleton-name) via the `skeleton-name` property.
+
+In the `pack/preload.json` list, if `"squash": true` is specified, the vcm will be loaded as a single model, without a skeleton.
+
+### `bone` Properties
+
+- `name` - The bone name. If omitted, the bone will be "dissolved" and will not be included in the final skeleton, but transformations will be applied.
+- `move` - Moves nested elements.
+- `scale` - Scales nested elements. Applied before moving.
+- `rotate` - Rotates nested elements around the (x, y, z) axes in degrees, or as a quaternion (x, y, z, w). Example: `rotate (45,0,0)` or `rotate (0.3826834, 0, 0, 0.9238795)`

doc/ru/block-properties.md

@@ -247,6 +247,14 @@
 
 Массив из трех целых чисел. Значение по-умолчанию - `[1, 1, 1]`.
 
+### Поведение приземленности - *grounding-behaviour*
+
+Определяет поведение расширенного приземленного блока. Доступные варианты поведения:
+
+- "partial" - как минимум один сегмент блока должен быть приземленным (по-умолчанию)
+- "complete" - все сегменты блока должны быть приземленными
+- "origin" - главный сегмент должен быть приземленным
+
 ## Поля блока
 
 Поля блоков позволяет записывать больше уникальных для конкретного блока данных, чем это позволяют пользовательские биты.

doc/ru/main-page.md

@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@
 - [Свойства сущностей](entity-properties.md)
 - [Скриптинг](scripting.md)
 - [Стили текста](text-styles.md)
-- [Частицы](particles.md)
 - [Формат моделей VCM](vcm.md)
+- [Частицы](particles.md)

doc/ru/scripting/builtins/libblock.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ block.destruct(x: int, y: int, z: int, playerid: int)
 block.get_variant(x: int, y: int, z: int) -> int
 
 -- Устанавливает вариант блока по индексу
-block.set_variant(x: int, y: int, z: int, index: int) -> int
+block.set_variant(x: int, y: int, z: int, index: int)
 ```
 
 > [!WARNING]

src/assets/Assets.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
 #include "Assets.hpp"
 
-Assets::~Assets() = default;
+Assets::Assets(util::ObjectsKeeper* vault) : vault(vault) {
+}
+
+Assets::~Assets() {
+    if (vault == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (auto& [_, map] : assets) {
+        for (auto& [__, asset] : map) {
+            vault->keepAlive(std::move(asset));
+        }
+        map.clear();
+    }
+}
 
 const std::vector<TextureAnimation>& Assets::getAnimations() {
     return animations;

src/assets/Assets.hpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "util/stringutil.hpp"
+#include "util/ObjectsKeeper.hpp"
 #include "graphics/core/TextureAnimation.hpp"
 
 class Assets;
@@ -64,13 +65,14 @@ namespace assetload {
 }
 
 class Assets {
+    util::ObjectsKeeper* vault;
     std::vector<TextureAnimation> animations;
 
     using assets_map = std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<void>>;
     std::unordered_map<std::type_index, assets_map> assets;
     std::vector<assetload::setupfunc> setupFuncs;
 public:
-    Assets() = default;
+    Assets(util::ObjectsKeeper* vault);
     Assets(const Assets&) = delete;
     ~Assets();
 
@@ -79,12 +81,20 @@ public:
 
     template <class T>
     void store(std::unique_ptr<T> asset, const std::string& name) {
-        assets[typeid(T)][name].reset(asset.release());
+        auto& dst = assets[typeid(T)][name];
+        if (vault != nullptr && dst != nullptr) {
+            vault->keepAlive(std::move(dst));
+        }
+        dst.reset(asset.release());
     }
 
     template <class T>
     void store(std::shared_ptr<T> asset, const std::string& name) {
-        assets[typeid(T)][name] = std::move(asset);
+        auto& dst = assets[typeid(T)][name];
+        if (vault != nullptr && dst != nullptr) {
+            vault->keepAlive(std::move(dst));
+        }
+        dst = std::move(asset);
     }
 
     template <class T>

src/constants.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ inline constexpr int CHUNK_W = 16;
 inline constexpr int CHUNK_H = 256;
 inline constexpr int CHUNK_D = 16;
 
+inline constexpr int EXTENDED_BLOCK_LIMIT = CHUNK_W; // must not be greater than chunk width and depth
+
 inline constexpr uint VOXEL_USER_BITS = 8;
 inline constexpr uint VOXEL_USER_BITS_OFFSET = sizeof(blockstate_t)*8-VOXEL_USER_BITS;
 

src/content/loading/BlockLoader.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "presets/ParticlesPreset.hpp"
 #include "util/stringutil.hpp"
 #include "voxels/Block.hpp"
+#include "constants.hpp"
 
 using namespace data;
 
@@ -120,8 +121,8 @@ template<> void ContentUnitLoader<Block>::loadUnit(
             }
 
             def.variants = std::make_unique<Variants>();
-            def.variants->offset = 0;
+            def.variants->offset = offset;
-            def.variants->mask = 0xF;
+            def.variants->mask = (1ULL << bitsCount) - 1;
             def.variants->variants.push_back(def.defaults);
             for (int i = 0; i < variants.size(); i++) {
                 Variant variant = def.defaults;
@@ -184,7 +185,11 @@ template<> void ContentUnitLoader<Block>::loadUnit(
     if (auto found = root.at("emission")) {
         const auto& emissionarr = *found;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-            def.emission[i] = glm::clamp(emissionarr[i].asInteger(), static_cast<integer_t>(0), static_cast<integer_t>(15));
+            def.emission[i] = glm::clamp(
+                emissionarr[i].asInteger(),
+                static_cast<integer_t>(0),
+                static_cast<integer_t>(15)
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -199,13 +204,31 @@ template<> void ContentUnitLoader<Block>::loadUnit(
                 "block " + util::quote(def.name) + ": invalid block size"
             );
         }
-        
+
+        if (def.size.x > EXTENDED_BLOCK_LIMIT ||
+            def.size.y > EXTENDED_BLOCK_LIMIT ||
+            def.size.z > EXTENDED_BLOCK_LIMIT) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(
+                "extended block " + util::quote(def.name) + " size limit " +
+                std::to_string(EXTENDED_BLOCK_LIMIT) + " exceeded"
+            );
+        }
+
         // should variant modify hitbox?
         if (def.defaults.model.type == BlockModelType::BLOCK &&
             (def.size.x != 1 || def.size.y != 1 || def.size.z != 1)) {
             def.defaults.model.type = BlockModelType::AABB;
             def.hitboxes = {AABB(def.size)};
         }
+
+        // grounding behaviour
+        if (root.has("grounding-behaviour")) {
+            std::string groundingBehaviourName = GroundingBehaviourMeta.getNameString(def.groundingBehaviour);
+            root.at("grounding-behaviour").get(groundingBehaviourName);
+            if (!GroundingBehaviourMeta.getItem(groundingBehaviourName, def.groundingBehaviour)) {
+                logger.error() << "unknown grounding behaviour: " << groundingBehaviourName;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     // primitive properties

src/engine/AssetsManagement.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ void AssetsManagement::loadAssets(Content* content) {
     logger.info() << "loading assets";
     Shader::preprocessor->setPaths(&paths.resPaths);
 
-    auto new_assets = std::make_unique<Assets>();
+    auto new_assets = std::make_unique<Assets>(
+        settings.system.preserveAssetsDuringFrame.get() ? &assetsVault : nullptr 
+    );
     AssetsLoader loader(engine, *new_assets, paths.resPaths);
     AssetsLoader::addDefaults(loader, content);
 
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ void AssetsManagement::loadAssets(Content* content) {
 }
 
 void AssetsManagement::update() {
+    assetsVault.clearKeepedObjects();
     if (backgroundLoaderTask) {
         backgroundLoaderTask->update();
     }

src/engine/AssetsManagement.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "assets/Assets.hpp"
+#include "util/ObjectsKeeper.hpp"
 
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -30,4 +31,5 @@ private:
     std::unique_ptr<Assets> assets;
     std::unique_ptr<AssetsLoader> backgroundLoader;
     std::shared_ptr<Task> backgroundLoaderTask;
+    util::ObjectsKeeper assetsVault;
 };

src/frontend/ContentGfxCache.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void ContentGfxCache::refresh(const Block& def, const Atlas& atlas) {
     refreshVariant(def, def.defaults, 0, atlas);
     if (def.variants) {
         const auto& variants = def.variants->variants;
-        for (int i = 1; i < variants.size() - 1; i++) {
+        for (int i = 1; i < variants.size(); i++) {
             refreshVariant(def, variants[i], i, atlas);
         }
         def.variants->variants.at(0) = def.defaults;

src/frontend/screens/LevelScreen.cpp

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ LevelScreen::~LevelScreen() {
     }
     scripting::on_frontend_close();
     input.getBindings().enableAll();
-    playerController->getPlayer()->chunks->saveAndClear();
+    playerController->getPlayer().chunks->saveAndClear();
     controller->onWorldQuit();
 
 }
@@ -168,12 +168,12 @@ void LevelScreen::saveDecorations() {
 void LevelScreen::saveWorldPreview() {
     try {
         logger.info() << "saving world preview";
-        auto player = playerController->getPlayer();
+        const Player& player = playerController->getPlayer();
-        auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+        const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
         int previewSize = settings.ui.worldPreviewSize.get();
 
         // camera special copy for world preview
-        Camera camera = *player->fpCamera;
+        Camera& camera = *player.fpCamera;
         camera.setFov(glm::radians(70.0f));
 
         DrawContext pctx(nullptr, engine.getWindow(), batch.get());
@@ -215,18 +215,18 @@ void LevelScreen::updateHotkeys() {
 }
 
 void LevelScreen::updateAudio() {
-    auto player = playerController->getPlayer();
+    Player& player = playerController->getPlayer();
-    auto camera = player->currentCamera;
+    Camera& camera = *player.currentCamera;
     bool paused = hud->isPause();
 
     audio::get_channel("regular")->setPaused(paused);
     audio::get_channel("ambient")->setPaused(paused);
     glm::vec3 velocity {};
-    if (auto hitbox = player->getHitbox()) {
+    if (auto hitbox = player.getHitbox()) {
         velocity = hitbox->velocity;
     }
     audio::set_listener(
-        camera->position, velocity, camera->dir, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)
+        camera.position, velocity, camera.dir, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)
     );
 }
 
@@ -257,22 +257,22 @@ void LevelScreen::update(float delta) {
 
     hud->update(hudVisible);
 
-    const auto& weather = renderer->getWeather();
+    const Weather& weather = renderer->getWeather();
-    const auto& player = *playerController->getPlayer();
+    const Player& player = playerController->getPlayer();
-    const auto& camera = *player.currentCamera;
+    const Camera& camera = *player.currentCamera;
     decorator->update(paused ? 0.0f : delta, camera, weather);
 }
 
 void LevelScreen::draw(float delta) {
-    auto camera = playerController->getPlayer()->currentCamera;
+    Camera& camera = *playerController->getPlayer().currentCamera;
 
-    DrawContext ctx(nullptr, engine.getWindow(), batch.get());
+    const DrawContext ctx(nullptr, engine.getWindow(), batch.get());
 
     if (!hud->isPause()) {
         scripting::on_entities_render(engine.getTime().getDelta());
     }
-    renderer->update(*camera, delta * !hud->isPause());
+    renderer->update(camera, delta * !hud->isPause());
-    renderer->renderFrame(ctx, *camera, hudVisible, *postProcessing);
+    renderer->renderFrame(ctx, camera, hudVisible, *postProcessing);
     if (!hud->isPause()) {
         scripting::on_frontend_render();
     }

src/graphics/render/ChunksRenderer.cpp

@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ const Mesh<ChunkVertex>* ChunksRenderer::retrieveChunk(
     );
     auto mesh = getOrRender(
         chunk,
-        distance < CHUNK_W * 1.5f * 10.0f,
+        distance < CHUNK_W * 1.5f,
         distance > CHUNK_W * settings.chunks.loadDistance.get() * 0.5
     );
     if (mesh == nullptr) {

src/graphics/render/ModelsGenerator.cpp

@@ -92,6 +92,12 @@ void ModelsGenerator::prepareModel(
 void ModelsGenerator::prepare(Content& content, Assets& assets) {
     for (auto& [name, def] : content.blocks.getDefs()) {
         prepareModel(assets, *def, def->defaults, 0);
+        if (def->variants) {
+            auto& variants = def->variants->variants;
+            for (int i = 1; i < variants.size(); i++) {
+                prepareModel(assets, *def, variants[i], i);
+            }
+        }
     }
     for (auto& [name, def] : content.items.getDefs()) {
         assets.store(

src/io/settings_io.cpp

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ SettingsHandler::SettingsHandler(EngineSettings& settings) {
 
     builder.addSection("system");
     builder.add("max-bg-asset-loaders", &settings.system.maxBgAssetLoaders);
+    builder.add("preserve-assets-during-frame", &settings.system.preserveAssetsDuringFrame);
 }
 
 dv::value SettingsHandler::getValue(const std::string& name) const {

src/logic/BlocksController.cpp

@@ -111,10 +111,17 @@ void BlocksController::updateBlock(int x, int y, int z) {
     if (vox == nullptr) return;
     const auto& def = level.content.getIndices()->blocks.require(vox->id);
     if (def.grounded) {
-        const auto& vec = get_ground_direction(def, vox->state.rotation);
+        if (def.rt.extended) {
-        if (!blocks_agent::is_solid_at(chunks, x + vec.x, y + vec.y, z + vec.z)) {
+            auto origin = blocks_agent::seek_origin(chunks, {x, y, z}, def, vox->state);
-            breakBlock(nullptr, def, x, y, z);
+            if (!blocks_agent::check_grounding(chunks, def, vox->state.rotation, origin)) {
-            return;
+                breakBlock(nullptr, def, origin.x, origin.y, origin.z);
+                return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!blocks_agent::check_grounding(chunks, def, vox->state.rotation, {x, y, z})) {
+                breakBlock(nullptr, def, x, y, z);
+                return;
+            }        
         }
     }
     if (def.rt.funcsset.update) {

src/logic/PlayerController.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "scripting/scripting.hpp"
 #include "settings.hpp"
 #include "voxels/Block.hpp"
+#include "voxels/blocks_agent.hpp"
 #include "voxels/Chunks.hpp"
 #include "voxels/voxel.hpp"
 #include "window/Camera.hpp"
@@ -252,18 +253,18 @@ void PlayerController::onFootstep(const Hitbox& hitbox) {
 }
 
 void PlayerController::updateFootsteps(float delta) {
-    const float pi = glm::pi<float>();
+    constexpr float GLM_PI = glm::pi<float>();
     auto hitbox = player.getHitbox();
     if (hitbox && hitbox->grounded) {
         const glm::vec3& vel = hitbox->velocity;
         float f = glm::length(glm::vec2(vel.x, vel.z));
         stepsTimer += delta * f * STEPS_SPEED;
-        if (stepsTimer >= pi) {
+        if (stepsTimer >= GLM_PI) {
-            stepsTimer = fmod(stepsTimer, pi);
+            stepsTimer = fmod(stepsTimer, GLM_PI);
             onFootstep(*hitbox);
         }
     } else {
-        stepsTimer = pi;
+        stepsTimer = GLM_PI;
     }
 }
 
@@ -448,10 +449,7 @@ void PlayerController::processRightClick(
         return;
     }
     if (def.grounded) {
-        const auto& vec = get_ground_direction(def, state.rotation);
+        if (!blocks_agent::check_grounding(chunks, def, state.rotation, coord)) {
-        if (!chunks.isSolidBlock(
-                coord.x + vec.x, coord.y + vec.y, coord.z + vec.z
-            )) {
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -556,6 +554,6 @@ void PlayerController::updateInteraction(const Input& inputEvents, float delta)
     }
 }
 
-Player* PlayerController::getPlayer() {
+Player& PlayerController::getPlayer() {
-    return &player;
+    return player;
 }

src/logic/PlayerController.hpp

@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@ public:
     void postUpdate(
         float delta, int windowHeight, const Input* inputEvents, bool pause
     );
-    Player* getPlayer();
+    Player& getPlayer();
 };

src/logic/scripting/lua/libs/libassets.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #include "api_lua.hpp"
 
+#include "../usertypes/lua_type_canvas.hpp"
 #include "assets/Assets.hpp"
 #include "assets/AssetsLoader.hpp"
+#include "coders/obj.hpp"
 #include "coders/png.hpp"
 #include "coders/vcm.hpp"
 #include "debug/Logger.hpp"
 #include "engine/Engine.hpp"
 #include "graphics/commons/Model.hpp"
-#include "graphics/core/Texture.hpp"
 #include "graphics/core/Atlas.hpp"
+#include "graphics/core/Texture.hpp"
 #include "util/Buffer.hpp"
-#include "../usertypes/lua_type_canvas.hpp"
 
 using namespace scripting;
 
@@ -76,6 +77,11 @@ static int l_parse_model(lua::State* L) {
         skeletonName = lua::require_string(L, 4);
     }
 
+    if (format == "obj") {
+        assets.store(obj::parse(name, string), name);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     if (format != "xml" && format != "vcm") {
         throw std::runtime_error(
             "unknown format " + util::quote(std::string(format))

src/logic/scripting/lua/libs/libblock.cpp

@@ -246,11 +246,12 @@ static int l_get_user_bits(lua::State* L) {
 }
 
 static int l_get_variant(lua::State* L) {
+    auto& chunks = *level->chunks;
     auto x = lua::tointeger(L, 1);
     auto y = lua::tointeger(L, 2);
     auto z = lua::tointeger(L, 3);
 
-    auto vox = blocks_agent::get(*level->chunks, x, y, z);
+    auto vox = blocks_agent::get(chunks, x, y, z);
     if (vox == nullptr) {
         return lua::pushinteger(L, 0);
     }
@@ -258,6 +259,13 @@ static int l_get_variant(lua::State* L) {
     if (def.variants == nullptr) {
         return lua::pushinteger(L, 0);
     }
+    if (def.rt.extended) {
+        auto origin = blocks_agent::seek_origin(chunks, {x, y, z}, def, vox->state);
+        vox = blocks_agent::get(chunks, origin.x, origin.y, origin.z);
+        if (vox == nullptr) {
+            return lua::pushinteger(L, 0);
+        }
+    }
     return lua::pushinteger(
         L, (vox->state.userbits >> def.variants->offset) & def.variants->mask
     );
@@ -290,6 +298,14 @@ static int l_set_user_bits(lua::State* L) {
         if (vox == nullptr) {
             return 0;
         }
+        int ocx = floordiv<CHUNK_W>(origin.x);
+        int ocz = floordiv<CHUNK_D>(origin.z);
+        if (cx != ocx || cz != ocz) {
+            chunk = blocks_agent::get_chunk(chunks, ocx, ocz);
+            if (chunk == nullptr) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
     }
     vox->state.userbits = (vox->state.userbits & (~mask)) | value;
     chunk->setModifiedAndUnsaved();
@@ -318,8 +334,8 @@ static int l_set_variant(lua::State* L) {
     }
 
     auto offset = def.variants->offset;
-    auto mask = def.variants->mask;
+    auto mask = def.variants->mask << offset;
-    auto value = (lua::tointeger(L, 4) << offset) & mask;
+    auto value = (lua::tointeger(L, 4) << offset);
 
     if (def.rt.extended) {
         auto origin = blocks_agent::seek_origin(chunks, {x, y, z}, def, vox->state);
@@ -327,6 +343,14 @@ static int l_set_variant(lua::State* L) {
         if (vox == nullptr) {
             return 0;
         }
+        int ocx = floordiv<CHUNK_W>(origin.x);
+        int ocz = floordiv<CHUNK_D>(origin.z);
+        if (cx != ocx || cz != ocz) {
+            chunk = blocks_agent::get_chunk(chunks, ocx, ocz);
+            if (chunk == nullptr) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
     }
     vox->state.userbits = (vox->state.userbits & (~mask)) | value;
     chunk->setModifiedAndUnsaved();

src/settings.hpp

@@ -122,7 +122,10 @@ struct NetworkSettings {
 };
 
 struct SystemSettings {
+    /// @brief Max background assets loaders
     IntegerSetting maxBgAssetLoaders {3, -4, 16};
+    /// @brief Preserve assets during current frame from being destroyed
+    FlagSetting preserveAssetsDuringFrame {true};
 };
 
 struct EngineSettings {

src/voxels/Block.hpp

@@ -140,6 +140,22 @@ VC_ENUM_METADATA(CullingMode)
     {"disabled", CullingMode::DISABLED},
 VC_ENUM_END
 
+/// @brief Grounding behaviour for extended blocks
+enum class GroundingBehaviour : uint8_t {
+    /// @brief at least one segment must be grounded
+    PARTIAL,
+    /// @brief all segments must be grounded
+    COMPLETE,
+    /// @brief origin segment must be grounded
+    ORIGIN
+};
+
+VC_ENUM_METADATA(GroundingBehaviour)
+    {"partial", GroundingBehaviour::PARTIAL},
+    {"complete", GroundingBehaviour::COMPLETE},
+    {"origin", GroundingBehaviour::ORIGIN},
+VC_ENUM_END
+
 /// @brief Common kit of block properties applied to groups of blocks
 struct BlockMaterial : Serializable {
     std::string name;
@@ -239,6 +255,9 @@ public:
     /// @brief Explicitly overriding 'solid' property if true assigned
     bool explictlySolid = false;
 
+    /// @brief Grounding behaviour
+    GroundingBehaviour groundingBehaviour = GroundingBehaviour::PARTIAL;
+
     /// @brief Set of block physical hitboxes
     std::vector<AABB> hitboxes {AABB()};
 

src/voxels/blocks_agent.hpp

@@ -2,23 +2,23 @@
 
 /// blocks_agent is set of templates but not a class to minimize OOP overhead.
 
-#include "voxel.hpp"
 #include "Block.hpp"
 #include "Chunk.hpp"
 #include "Chunks.hpp"
-#include "VoxelsVolume.hpp"
-#include "GlobalChunks.hpp"
 #include "constants.hpp"
-#include "typedefs.hpp"
 #include "content/Content.hpp"
+#include "GlobalChunks.hpp"
 #include "maths/voxmaths.hpp"
+#include "typedefs.hpp"
+#include "voxel.hpp"
+#include "VoxelsVolume.hpp"
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <set>
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdexcept>
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <set>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 struct AABB;
 
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ inline const Block& get_block_def(const Storage& chunks, blockid_t id) {
     return chunks.getContentIndices().blocks.require(id);
 }
 
-
 /// @brief Check if block at specified position is solid.
 /// @tparam Storage chunks storage class
 /// @param chunks chunks storage
@@ -104,8 +103,10 @@ inline const Block& get_block_def(const Storage& chunks, blockid_t id) {
 /// @param y position Y
 /// @param z position Z
 /// @return true if block exists and solid
-template<class Storage>
+template <class Storage>
-inline bool is_solid_at(const Storage& chunks, int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t z) {
+inline bool is_solid_at(
+    const Storage& chunks, int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t z
+) {
     if (auto vox = get(chunks, x, y, z)) {
         return get_block_def(chunks, vox->id).rt.solid;
     }
@@ -119,8 +120,10 @@ inline bool is_solid_at(const Storage& chunks, int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t z)
 /// @param y position Y
 /// @param z position Z
 /// @return true if block exists and replaceable
-template<class Storage>
+template <class Storage>
-inline bool is_replaceable_at(const Storage& chunks, int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t z) {
+inline bool is_replaceable_at(
+    const Storage& chunks, int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t z
+) {
     if (auto vox = get(chunks, x, y, z)) {
         return get_block_def(chunks, vox->id).replaceable;
     }
@@ -456,12 +459,18 @@ voxel* raycast(
     bool includeNonSelectable
 );
 
-void get_voxels(const Chunks& chunks, VoxelsVolume* volume, bool backlight=false);
+void get_voxels(
+    const Chunks& chunks, VoxelsVolume* volume, bool backlight = false
+);
 
-void get_voxels(const GlobalChunks& chunks, VoxelsVolume* volume, bool backlight=false);
+void get_voxels(
+    const GlobalChunks& chunks, VoxelsVolume* volume, bool backlight = false
+);
 
 template <class Storage>
-inline const AABB* is_obstacle_at(const Storage& chunks, float x, float y, float z) {
+inline const AABB* is_obstacle_at(
+    const Storage& chunks, float x, float y, float z
+) {
     int ix = std::floor(x);
     int iy = std::floor(y);
     int iz = std::floor(z);
@@ -494,4 +503,63 @@ inline const AABB* is_obstacle_at(const Storage& chunks, float x, float y, float
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+/// @brief Check block grounding
+/// @tparam Storage chunks storage class
+/// @param chunks chunks storage
+/// @param def block definition
+/// @param rotationIndex target block rotation index
+/// @param origin target block origin
+/// @return true if grounded
+template <class Storage>
+inline bool check_grounding(
+    const Storage& chunks,
+    const Block& def,
+    uint8_t rotationIndex,
+    const glm::ivec3& origin
+) {
+    const auto& vec = get_ground_direction(def, rotationIndex);
+
+    if (!def.rt.extended) {
+        return blocks_agent::is_solid_at(
+            chunks, origin.x + vec.x, origin.y + vec.y, origin.z + vec.z
+        );
+    }
+
+    const auto& rotation = def.rotations.variants[rotationIndex];
+
+    if (def.groundingBehaviour == GroundingBehaviour::PARTIAL) {
+        for (int sz = 0; sz < def.size.z; sz++) {
+            for (int sx = 0; sx < def.size.x; sx++) {
+                auto pos = origin;
+                pos += rotation.axes[0] * sx;
+                pos += rotation.axes[2] * sz;
+                if (blocks_agent::is_solid_at(
+                        chunks, pos.x + vec.x, pos.y + vec.y, pos.z + vec.z
+                    )) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    } else if (def.groundingBehaviour == GroundingBehaviour::COMPLETE) {
+        for (int sz = 0; sz < def.size.z; sz++) {
+            for (int sx = 0; sx < def.size.x; sx++) {
+                auto pos = origin;
+                pos += rotation.axes[0] * sx;
+                pos += rotation.axes[2] * sz;
+                if (!blocks_agent::is_solid_at(
+                        chunks, pos.x + vec.x, pos.y + vec.y, pos.z + vec.z
+                    )) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return blocks_agent::is_solid_at(
+            chunks, origin.x + vec.x, origin.y + vec.y, origin.z + vec.z
+        );
+    }
+}
+
 } // blocks_agent