Merge branch 'main' into more-about-ui

doc/en/block-properties.md

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ Rotation profile (set of available block rotations and behaviour of placing bloc
 - "pipe" - wood logs, pipes, pillars
 - "pane" - panels, doors, signs
 - "stairs" - "pane" + flipped variants
+- "ladder" - like a "pipe", but on horizontal surfaces it is installed like "pane"
 
 ### *particles*
 

doc/en/scripting/events.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Called on block broken by player
 function on_replaced(x, y, z, playerid)
 ```
 
-Called on block replaced with other by player
+Called before a player replaces a block
 
 ```lua
 function on_interact(x, y, z, playerid) -> bool

doc/en/world-generator.md

@@ -212,10 +212,27 @@ local map = Heightmap(width, height)
 Operations apply to all height values.
 
 ```lua
+-- Convert to absolute values
 map:abs()
-```
 
-Casts height values ​​to absolute.
+-- Round down
+map:floor()
+
+-- Round up
+map:ceil()
+
+-- Round to the nearest integer
+map:round()
+
+-- Sine of height values ​​(in radians)
+map:sin()
+
+-- Cosine of height values ​​(in radians)
+map:cos()
+
+-- Tangent of height values ​​(in radians)
+map:tan()
+```
 
 ### Binary Operations
 

doc/ru/block-properties.md

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
 - "pipe" - профиль "труба". Примеры блоков: бревно, труба, лампочка
 - "pane" - профиль "панель". Примеры блоков: панель, дверь, табличка
 - "stairs" - профиль "ступеньки" ("pane" + перевернутые варианты)
+- "ladder" - профиль "лестница" (как "pipe", но на горизонтальных поверхностях как "pane")
 
 ### Испускаемые частицы - *particles*
 

doc/ru/scripting/events.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function on_broken(x, y, z, playerid)
 function on_replaced(x, y, z, playerid)
 ```
 
-Вызывается после замены блока игроком
+Вызывается перед заменой блока игроком
 
 ```lua
 function on_interact(x, y, z, playerid) -> bool

doc/ru/world-generator.md

@@ -215,12 +215,28 @@ local map = Heightmap(ширина, высота)
 Операции применяются ко всем значениям высоты.
 
 ```lua
+-- Приведение значений высот к абсолютным
 map:abs()
+
+-- Округление к меньшему целому
+map:floor()
+
+-- Округление к большему целому
+map:ceil()
+
+-- Округление к ближайшему целому
+map:round()
+
+-- Синус от значений высот (в радианах)
+map:sin()
+
+-- Косинус от значений высот (в радианах)
+map:cos()
+
+-- Тангенс от значений высот (в радианах)
+map:tan()
 ```
 
-Приводит значения высот к абсолютным.
-
-
 ### Бинарные операции
 
 Операции с применением второй карты или скаляра.

res/layouts/templates/pack.xml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <container id='pack_%{id}' onclick='%{callback}' size='0,80' color='#00000040' hover-color='#00000080' position-func="%{position_func}" z-index="%{index}">
-    <label color='#FFFFFF80' size='300,25' align='right' gravity='top-right'>
-        [%{id_verbose}]
+    <label color='#FFFFFF80' size='340,25' align='right' gravity='top-right'>
+    [%{id_verbose} %{version}]
     </label>
     <label pos='78,6'>%{title}</label>
     <label if='%{creator}' color='#CCFFE5B2' size='300,20' align='right' 

res/shaders/effects/deferred_lighting.glsl

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #include <shadows>
 #include <fog>
 
+#define CLOUDS_FOG_FACTOR_MUL 0.3f
+#define CLOUDS_FOG_CURVE_MUL 0.4f
+
 vec4 effect() {
     vec4 pos = texture(u_position, v_uv);
     float light = 1.0;
@@ -32,6 +35,10 @@ vec4 effect() {
     light = pow(light, u_gamma);
 
     vec3 fogColor = texture(u_skybox, dir).rgb;
-    float fog = calc_fog(length(u_view * vec4((modelpos.xyz - u_cameraPos) * FOG_POS_SCALE, 0.0)) / 256.0);
+    float fog = calc_fog(
+        length(u_view * vec4((modelpos.xyz - u_cameraPos) * FOG_POS_SCALE, 0.0)) / 256.0,
+        mix(1.0, CLOUDS_FOG_FACTOR_MUL, emission),
+        mix(1.0, CLOUDS_FOG_CURVE_MUL, emission)
+    );
     return vec4(mix(texture(u_screen, v_uv).rgb * mix(1.0, light, 1.0), fogColor, fog), 1.0);
 }

res/shaders/entity.glslf

@@ -15,11 +15,33 @@ uniform float u_fogCurve;
 uniform bool u_alphaClip;
 uniform vec3 u_sunDir;
 
+const float BAYER_MATRIX[64] = float[](
+     0.0, 32.0,  8.0, 40.0,  2.0, 34.0, 10.0, 42.0,
+    48.0, 16.0, 56.0, 24.0, 50.0, 18.0, 58.0, 26.0,
+    12.0, 44.0,  4.0, 36.0, 14.0, 46.0,  6.0, 38.0,
+    60.0, 28.0, 52.0, 20.0, 62.0, 30.0, 54.0, 22.0,
+     3.0, 35.0, 11.0, 43.0,  1.0, 33.0,  9.0, 41.0,
+    51.0, 19.0, 59.0, 27.0, 49.0, 17.0, 57.0, 25.0,
+    15.0, 47.0,  7.0, 39.0, 13.0, 45.0,  5.0, 37.0,
+    63.0, 31.0, 55.0, 23.0, 61.0, 29.0, 53.0, 21.0
+);
+
+float calc_bayer(vec2 pos){
+    ivec2 p = ivec2(mod(pos, 8.0));
+    return BAYER_MATRIX[p.y * 8 + p.x] / 64.0;
+}
+
 void main() {
     vec4 texColor = texture(u_texture0, a_texCoord);
     float alpha = a_color.a * texColor.a;
     // anyway it's any alpha-test alternative required
-    if (alpha < (u_alphaClip ? 0.5f : 0.15f)) {
+    if (u_alphaClip) {
+        float bayer = calc_bayer(gl_FragCoord.xy);
+        if (alpha - bayer < 0.01f) {
+            discard;
+        }
+        alpha = 1.0;
+    } else if (alpha < 0.05f) {
         discard;
     }
     f_color = a_color * texColor;

res/shaders/lib/fog.glsl

@@ -7,13 +7,17 @@ uniform float u_weatherFogOpacity;
 uniform float u_weatherFogDencity;
 uniform float u_weatherFogCurve;
 
-float calc_fog(float depth) {
+float calc_fog(float depth, float fogFactor, float fogCurve) {
     return min(
         1.0,
-        max(pow(depth * u_fogFactor, u_fogCurve),
+        max(pow(depth * u_fogFactor * fogFactor, u_fogCurve * fogCurve),
             min(pow(depth * u_weatherFogDencity, u_weatherFogCurve),
                 u_weatherFogOpacity))
     );
 }
 
+float calc_fog(float depth) {
+    return calc_fog(depth, 1.0, 1.0);
+}
+
 #endif // FOG_GLSL_

src/content/loading/BlockLoader.cpp

@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ template<> void ContentUnitLoader<Block>::loadUnit(
         def.rotations = BlockRotProfile::PANE;
     } else if (profile == BlockRotProfile::STAIRS_NAME) {
         def.rotations = BlockRotProfile::STAIRS;
+    } else if (profile == BlockRotProfile::LADDER_NAME) {
+        def.rotations = BlockRotProfile::LADDER;
     } else if (profile != "none") {
         logger.error() << "unknown rotation profile " << profile;
         def.rotatable = false;

src/engine/ServerMainloop.cpp

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void ServerMainloop::run() {
             delta = time.getDelta();
         }
         if (controller) {
-            controller->getLevel()->getWorld()->updateTimers(delta);
+            controller->getLevel()->getWorld().updateTimers(delta);
             controller->update(glm::min(delta, 0.2), false);
         }
         engine.applicationTick();

src/frontend/LevelFrontend.cpp

@@ -147,3 +147,7 @@ const ContentGfxCache& LevelFrontend::getContentGfxCache() const {
 LevelController& LevelFrontend::getController() const {
     return controller;
 }
+
+Weather& LevelFrontend::getWeather() {
+    return weather;
+}

src/frontend/LevelFrontend.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "world/Weather.hpp"
+
 #include <memory>
 
 class Assets;
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ class LevelFrontend {
     LevelController& controller;
     Assets& assets;
     std::unique_ptr<ContentGfxCache> contentCache;
+    Weather weather {};
 public:
     LevelFrontend(
         Engine& engine,
@@ -28,4 +31,5 @@ public:
     const ContentGfxCache& getContentGfxCache() const;
     ContentGfxCache& getContentGfxCache();
     LevelController& getController() const;
+    Weather& getWeather();
 };

src/frontend/debug_panel.cpp

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<UINode> create_debug_panel(
         }
     }));
     panel->add(create_label(gui, [&]() {
-        return L"seed: " + std::to_wstring(level.getWorld()->getSeed());
+        return L"seed: " + std::to_wstring(level.getWorld().getSeed());
     }));
 
     for (int ax = 0; ax < 3; ax++) {
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<UINode> create_debug_panel(
         sub->add(box, glm::vec2(20, 0));
         panel->add(sub);
     }
-    auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld()->getInfo();
+    auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld().getInfo();
     panel->add(create_label(gui, [&]() {
         int hour, minute, second;
         timeutil::from_value(worldInfo.daytime, hour, minute, second);
@@ -310,12 +310,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<UINode> create_debug_panel(
         bar->setConsumer([&](double val) { worldInfo.daytime = val; });
         panel->add(bar);
     }
-    if (allowDebugCheats) {
-        auto bar = std::make_shared<TrackBar>(gui, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.005f, 8);
-        bar->setSupplier([&]() { return worldInfo.fog; });
-        bar->setConsumer([&](double val) { worldInfo.fog = val; });
-        panel->add(bar);
-    }
     {
         auto checkbox = std::make_shared<FullCheckBox>(
             gui, L"Show Chunk Borders", glm::vec2(400, 24)

src/frontend/screens/LevelScreen.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ LevelScreen::LevelScreen(
     Engine& engine, std::unique_ptr<Level> levelPtr, int64_t localPlayer
 )
     : Screen(engine),
-      world(*levelPtr->getWorld()),
+      world(levelPtr->getWorld()),
       postProcessing(std::make_unique<PostProcessing>(
           levelPtr->content.getIndices(ResourceType::POST_EFFECT_SLOT).size()
       )),
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ LevelScreen::LevelScreen(
 
     auto resetChunks = [=](bool) {
         player->chunks->saveAndClear();
-        renderer->clear();
+        renderer->resetCache();
     };
     keepAlive(settings.graphics.backlight.observe(resetChunks));
     keepAlive(settings.graphics.softLighting.observe(resetChunks));
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ LevelScreen::LevelScreen(
     }));
     keepAlive(input.addCallback(BIND_CHUNKS_RELOAD, [=]() {
         player->chunks->saveAndClear();
-        renderer->clear();
+        renderer->resetCache();
         return false;
     }));
     controller->preQuitCallbacks.listen([this]() {
-        if (!controller->getLevel()->getWorld()->isNameless()) {
+        if (!controller->getLevel()->getWorld().isNameless()) {
             saveWorldPreview();
         }
     });
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ LevelScreen::LevelScreen(
 }
 
 LevelScreen::~LevelScreen() {
-    if (!controller->getLevel()->getWorld()->isNameless()) {
+    if (!controller->getLevel()->getWorld().isNameless()) {
         saveDecorations();
     }
     scripting::on_frontend_close();
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void LevelScreen::loadDecorations() {
     }
     auto data = io::read_object(CLIENT_FILE);
     if (data.has("weather")) {
-        renderer->getWeather().deserialize(data["weather"]);
+        frontend->getWeather().deserialize(data["weather"]);
     }
 }
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ void LevelScreen::saveDecorations() {
     io::create_directory("world:client");
 
     auto data = dv::object();
-    data["weather"] = renderer->getWeather().serialize();
+    data["weather"] = frontend->getWeather().serialize();
     io::write_json(CLIENT_FILE, data, true);
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ void LevelScreen::update(float delta) {
 
     hud->update(hudVisible);
 
-    const Weather& weather = renderer->getWeather();
+    const Weather& weather = frontend->getWeather();
     const Player& player = playerController->getPlayer();
     const Camera& camera = *player.currentCamera;
     decorator->update(paused ? 0.0f : delta, camera, weather);

src/graphics/core/Batch2D.cpp

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ void Batch2D::sprite(
 void Batch2D::flush() {
     if (index == 0)
         return;
-    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index);
+    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index, true);
     mesh->draw(gl::to_glenum(primitive));
     index = 0;
 }

src/graphics/core/Batch3D.cpp

@@ -292,13 +292,13 @@ void Batch3D::point(const glm::vec3& coord, const glm::vec4& tint) {
 }
 
 void Batch3D::flush() {
-    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index);
+    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index, true);
     mesh->draw();
     index = 0;
 }
 
 void Batch3D::flushPoints() {
-    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index);
+    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index, true);
     mesh->draw(GL_POINTS);
     index = 0;
 }

src/graphics/core/LineBatch.cpp

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void LineBatch::box(float x, float y, float z, float w, float h, float d,
 void LineBatch::flush(){
     if (index == 0)
         return;
-    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index);
+    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index, true);
     mesh->draw(GL_LINES);
     index = 0;
 }

src/graphics/core/Mesh.hpp

@@ -47,12 +47,15 @@ public:
     void reload(
         const VertexStructure* vertexBuffer,
         size_t vertexCount,
-        const std::vector<IndexBufferData>& indices
+        const std::vector<IndexBufferData>& indices,
+        bool streaming
     );
 
-    void reload(const VertexStructure* vertexBuffer, size_t vertexCount) {
+    void reload(
+        const VertexStructure* vertexBuffer, size_t vertexCount, bool streaming
+    ) {
         static const std::vector<IndexBufferData> indices {};
-        reload(vertexBuffer, vertexCount, indices);
+        reload(vertexBuffer, vertexCount, indices, streaming);
     }
 
     /// @brief Draw mesh with specified primitives type
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ public:
 
     /// @brief Draw mesh as triangles
     void draw() const;
+private:
+    
 };
 
 #include "graphics/core/Mesh.inl"

src/graphics/core/Mesh.inl

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ Mesh<VertexStructure>::Mesh(
     glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
     glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
 
-    reload(vertexBuffer, vertices, std::move(indices));
-
     glBindVertexArray(vao);
+    reload(vertexBuffer, vertices, std::move(indices), false);
+
     // attributes
     int offset = 0;
     for (int i = 0; attrs[i].count; i++) {
@@ -82,20 +82,22 @@ template <typename VertexStructure>
 void Mesh<VertexStructure>::reload(
     const VertexStructure* vertexBuffer,
     size_t vertexCount,
-    const std::vector<IndexBufferData>& indices
+    const std::vector<IndexBufferData>& indices,
+    bool streaming
 ) {
     this->vertexCount = vertexCount;
-    glBindVertexArray(vao);
     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
     if (vertexBuffer != nullptr && vertexCount != 0) {
         glBufferData(
             GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
             vertexCount * sizeof(VertexStructure),
             vertexBuffer,
-            GL_STREAM_DRAW
+            streaming ? GL_STREAM_DRAW : GL_STATIC_DRAW
         );
     } else {
-        glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, {}, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+        glBufferData(
+            GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, {}, streaming ? GL_STREAM_DRAW : GL_STATIC_DRAW
+        );
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < ibos.size(); i++) {
@@ -116,7 +118,6 @@ void Mesh<VertexStructure>::reload(
             GL_STATIC_DRAW
         );
     }
-    glBindVertexArray(0);
 }
 
 template <typename VertexStructure>

src/graphics/core/Shader.cpp

@@ -186,7 +186,8 @@ void Shader::recompile(const std::vector<std::string>& defines) {
     glDeleteProgram(id);
     id = newProgram;
     uniformLocations.clear();
-    logger.info() << "shader " << id << " has been recompiled";
+    logger.debug() << "shader program (" << vertexSource.file << ", "
+                   << fragmentSource.file << ") has been recompiled";
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::create(

src/graphics/core/Shadows.cpp

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ void Shadows::setup(Shader& shader, const Weather& weather) {
     if (!shadows) {
         return;
     }
-    const auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld()->getInfo();
-    float cloudsIntensity = glm::max(worldInfo.fog, weather.clouds());
+    const auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld().getInfo();
+    float cloudsIntensity = weather.clouds();
     float shadowsOpacity = 1.0f - cloudsIntensity;
     shadowsOpacity *= glm::sqrt(glm::abs(
         glm::mod((worldInfo.daytime + 0.5f) * 2.0f, 1.0f) * 2.0f - 1.0f
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ void Shadows::generateShadowsMap(
     float scale,
     const std::function<void(Camera&)>& renderShadowPass
 ) {
-    auto world = level.getWorld();
-    const auto& worldInfo = world->getInfo();
+    const auto& world = level.getWorld();
+    const auto& worldInfo = world.getInfo();
 
     int resolution = shadowMap.getResolution();
     float shadowMapScale = 0.32f / (1 << glm::max(0, quality)) * scale;

src/graphics/render/BlocksRenderer.cpp

@@ -10,15 +10,14 @@
 #include "frontend/ContentGfxCache.hpp"
 
 const glm::vec3 BlocksRenderer::SUN_VECTOR(0.528265, 0.833149, -0.163704);
-const float DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_FACTOR = 0.3f;
+constexpr float DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT_FACTOR = 0.3f;
 
 BlocksRenderer::BlocksRenderer(
     size_t capacity,
-    const Content& content,
+    const Block* const* blockDefs,
     const ContentGfxCache& cache,
     const EngineSettings& settings
-) : content(content),
-    vertexBuffer(std::make_unique<ChunkVertex[]>(capacity)),
+) : vertexBuffer(std::make_unique<ChunkVertex[]>(capacity)),
     indexBuffer(std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(capacity)),
     denseIndexBuffer(std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(capacity)),
     vertexCount(0),
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ BlocksRenderer::BlocksRenderer(
     cache(cache),
     settings(settings)
 {
-    blockDefsCache = content.getIndices()->blocks.getDefs();
+    blockDefsCache = blockDefs;
 }
 
 BlocksRenderer::~BlocksRenderer() = default;
@@ -482,83 +481,78 @@ glm::vec4 BlocksRenderer::pickSoftLight(
 }
 
 void BlocksRenderer::render(
-    const voxel* voxels, const int beginEnds[256][2]
+    const voxel* voxels, int totalBegin, int totalEnd
 ) {
     bool denseRender = this->denseRender;
     bool densePass = this->densePass;
     bool enableAO = settings.graphics.softLighting.get();
-    for (const auto drawGroup : *content.drawGroups) {
-        int begin = beginEnds[drawGroup][0];
-        if (begin == 0) {
+
+    for (int i = totalBegin; i < totalEnd; i++) {
+        const voxel& vox = voxels[i];
+        blockid_t id = vox.id;
+        blockstate state = vox.state;
+        const auto& def = *blockDefsCache[id];
+        uint8_t variantId = def.getVariantIndex(state.userbits);
+        const auto& variant = def.getVariant(variantId);
+        if (id == 0 || state.segment) {
             continue;
         }
-        int end = beginEnds[drawGroup][1];
-        for (int i = begin-1; i <= end; i++) {
-            const voxel& vox = voxels[i];
-            blockid_t id = vox.id;
-            blockstate state = vox.state;
-            const auto& def = *blockDefsCache[id];
-            uint8_t variantId = def.getVariantIndex(state.userbits);
-            const auto& variant = def.getVariant(variantId);
-            if (id == 0 || variant.drawGroup != drawGroup || state.segment) {
-                continue;
+        if (denseRender != (variant.culling == CullingMode::OPTIONAL)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (def.translucent) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const UVRegion texfaces[6] {
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 0, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 1, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 2, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 3, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 4, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 5, densePass)
+        };
+        int x = i % CHUNK_W;
+        int y = i / (CHUNK_D * CHUNK_W);
+        int z = (i / CHUNK_D) % CHUNK_W;
+
+        switch (def.getModel(state.userbits).type) {
+            case BlockModelType::BLOCK:
+                blockCube({x, y, z}, texfaces, def, vox.state, !def.shadeless,
+                            def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO);
+                break;
+            case BlockModelType::XSPRITE: {
+                if (!denseRender)
+                blockXSprite(x, y, z, glm::vec3(1.0f),
+                            texfaces[FACE_MX], texfaces[FACE_MZ], 1.0f);
+                break;
             }
-            if (denseRender != (variant.culling == CullingMode::OPTIONAL)) {
-                continue;
+            case BlockModelType::AABB: {
+                if (!denseRender)
+                blockAABB({x, y, z}, texfaces, &def, vox.state.rotation,
+                            !def.shadeless, def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO);
+                break;
             }
-            if (def.translucent) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            const UVRegion texfaces[6] {
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 0, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 1, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 2, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 3, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 4, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 5, densePass)
-            };
-            int x = i % CHUNK_W;
-            int y = i / (CHUNK_D * CHUNK_W);
-            int z = (i / CHUNK_D) % CHUNK_W;
-            switch (def.getModel(state.userbits).type) {
-                case BlockModelType::BLOCK:
-                    blockCube({x, y, z}, texfaces, def, vox.state, !def.shadeless,
-                              def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO);
-                    break;
-                case BlockModelType::XSPRITE: {
-                    if (!denseRender)
-                    blockXSprite(x, y, z, glm::vec3(1.0f),
-                                texfaces[FACE_MX], texfaces[FACE_MZ], 1.0f);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case BlockModelType::AABB: {
-                    if (!denseRender)
-                    blockAABB({x, y, z}, texfaces, &def, vox.state.rotation,
-                              !def.shadeless, def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case BlockModelType::CUSTOM: {
-                    blockCustomModel(
-                        {x, y, z},
-                        def,
-                        vox.state,
-                        !def.shadeless,
-                        def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO
-                    );
-                    break;
-                }
-                default:
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (overflow) {
-                return;
+            case BlockModelType::CUSTOM: {
+                blockCustomModel(
+                    {x, y, z},
+                    def,
+                    vox.state,
+                    !def.shadeless,
+                    def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO
+                );
+                break;
             }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        if (overflow) {
+            return;
         }
     }
 }
 
 SortingMeshData BlocksRenderer::renderTranslucent(
-    const voxel* voxels, int beginEnds[256][2]
+    const voxel* voxels, int totalBegin, int totalEnd
 ) {
     SortingMeshData sortingMesh {{}};
 
@@ -568,106 +562,98 @@ SortingMeshData BlocksRenderer::renderTranslucent(
 
     bool densePass = this->densePass;
     bool enableAO = settings.graphics.softLighting.get();
-    for (const auto drawGroup : *content.drawGroups) {
-        int begin = beginEnds[drawGroup][0];
-        if (begin == 0) {
+    for (int i = totalBegin; i < totalEnd; i++) {
+        const voxel& vox = voxels[i];
+        blockid_t id = vox.id;
+        blockstate state = vox.state;
+        const auto& def = *blockDefsCache[id];
+        uint8_t variantId = def.getVariantIndex(state.userbits);
+        if (id == 0 || state.segment) {
             continue;
         }
-        int end = beginEnds[drawGroup][1];
-        for (int i = begin-1; i <= end; i++) {
-            const voxel& vox = voxels[i];
-            blockid_t id = vox.id;
-            blockstate state = vox.state;
-            const auto& def = *blockDefsCache[id];
-            uint8_t variantId = def.getVariantIndex(state.userbits);
-            const auto& variant = def.getVariant(variantId);
-            if (id == 0 || variant.drawGroup != drawGroup || state.segment) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (!def.translucent) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            const UVRegion texfaces[6] {
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 0, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 1, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 2, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 3, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 4, densePass),
-                cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 5, densePass)
-            };
-            int x = i % CHUNK_W;
-            int y = i / (CHUNK_D * CHUNK_W);
-            int z = (i / CHUNK_D) % CHUNK_W;
-            switch (def.getModel(state.userbits).type) {
-                case BlockModelType::BLOCK:
-                    blockCube({x, y, z}, texfaces, def, vox.state, !def.shadeless,
-                              def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO);
-                    break;
-                case BlockModelType::XSPRITE: {
-                    blockXSprite(x, y, z, glm::vec3(1.0f),
-                                texfaces[FACE_MX], texfaces[FACE_MZ], 1.0f);
-                    break;
-                }
-                case BlockModelType::AABB: {
-                    blockAABB(
-                        {x, y, z},
-                        texfaces,
-                        &def,
-                        vox.state.rotation,
-                        !def.shadeless,
-                        def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO
-                    );
-                    break;
-                }
-                case BlockModelType::CUSTOM: {
-                    blockCustomModel(
-                        {x, y, z},
-                        def,
-                        vox.state,
-                        !def.shadeless,
-                        def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO
-                    );
-                    break;
-                }
-                default:
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (vertexCount == 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            SortingMeshEntry entry {
-                glm::vec3(
-                    x + chunk->x * CHUNK_W + 0.5f,
-                    y + 0.5f,
-                    z + chunk->z * CHUNK_D + 0.5f
-                ),
-                util::Buffer<ChunkVertex>(indexCount), 0};
-
-            totalSize += entry.vertexData.size();
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < indexCount; j++) {
-                std::memcpy(
-                    entry.vertexData.data() + j,
-                    vertexBuffer.get() + indexBuffer[j],
-                    sizeof(ChunkVertex)
-                );
-                ChunkVertex& vertex = entry.vertexData[j];
-
-                if (!aabbInit) {
-                    aabbInit = true;
-                    aabb.a = aabb.b = vertex.position;
-                } else {
-                    aabb.addPoint(vertex.position);
-                }
-
-                vertex.position.x += chunk->x * CHUNK_W + 0.5f;
-                vertex.position.y += 0.5f;
-                vertex.position.z += chunk->z * CHUNK_D + 0.5f;
-            }
-            sortingMesh.entries.push_back(std::move(entry));
-            vertexCount = 0;
-            vertexOffset = indexCount = 0;
+        if (!def.translucent) {
+            continue;
         }
+        const UVRegion texfaces[6] {
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 0, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 1, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 2, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 3, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 4, densePass),
+            cache.getRegion(id, variantId, 5, densePass)
+        };
+        int x = i % CHUNK_W;
+        int y = i / (CHUNK_D * CHUNK_W);
+        int z = (i / CHUNK_D) % CHUNK_W;
+        switch (def.getModel(state.userbits).type) {
+            case BlockModelType::BLOCK:
+                blockCube({x, y, z}, texfaces, def, vox.state, !def.shadeless,
+                            def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO);
+                break;
+            case BlockModelType::XSPRITE: {
+                blockXSprite(x, y, z, glm::vec3(1.0f),
+                            texfaces[FACE_MX], texfaces[FACE_MZ], 1.0f);
+                break;
+            }
+            case BlockModelType::AABB: {
+                blockAABB(
+                    {x, y, z},
+                    texfaces,
+                    &def,
+                    vox.state.rotation,
+                    !def.shadeless,
+                    def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO
+                );
+                break;
+            }
+            case BlockModelType::CUSTOM: {
+                blockCustomModel(
+                    {x, y, z},
+                    def,
+                    vox.state,
+                    !def.shadeless,
+                    def.ambientOcclusion && enableAO
+                );
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        if (vertexCount == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        SortingMeshEntry entry {
+            glm::vec3(
+                x + chunk->x * CHUNK_W + 0.5f,
+                y + 0.5f,
+                z + chunk->z * CHUNK_D + 0.5f
+            ),
+            util::Buffer<ChunkVertex>(indexCount), 0};
+
+        totalSize += entry.vertexData.size();
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < indexCount; j++) {
+            std::memcpy(
+                entry.vertexData.data() + j,
+                vertexBuffer.get() + indexBuffer[j],
+                sizeof(ChunkVertex)
+            );
+            ChunkVertex& vertex = entry.vertexData[j];
+
+            if (!aabbInit) {
+                aabbInit = true;
+                aabb.a = aabb.b = vertex.position;
+            } else {
+                aabb.addPoint(vertex.position);
+            }
+
+            vertex.position.x += chunk->x * CHUNK_W + 0.5f;
+            vertex.position.y += 0.5f;
+            vertex.position.z += chunk->z * CHUNK_D + 0.5f;
+        }
+        sortingMesh.entries.push_back(std::move(entry));
+        vertexCount = 0;
+        vertexOffset = indexCount = 0;
     }
 
     // additional powerful optimization
@@ -709,19 +695,16 @@ void BlocksRenderer::build(
 
     int totalBegin = chunk->bottom * (CHUNK_W * CHUNK_D);
     int totalEnd = chunk->top * (CHUNK_W * CHUNK_D);
+
     bool hasTranslucent = false;
-    int beginEnds[256][2] {};
     for (int i = totalBegin; i < totalEnd; i++) {
         const voxel& vox = voxels[i];
         blockid_t id = vox.id;
         const auto& def = *blockDefsCache[id];
-        const auto& variant = def.getVariantByBits(vox.state.userbits);
-        hasTranslucent = def.translucent || hasTranslucent;
-
-        if (beginEnds[variant.drawGroup][0] == 0) {
-            beginEnds[variant.drawGroup][0] = i + 1;
+        if (def.translucent) {
+            hasTranslucent = true;
+            break;
         }
-        beginEnds[variant.drawGroup][1] = i;
     }
     cancelled = false;
 
@@ -733,7 +716,7 @@ void BlocksRenderer::build(
     densePass = false;
 
     if (hasTranslucent) {
-        sortingMesh = renderTranslucent(voxels, beginEnds);
+        sortingMesh = renderTranslucent(voxels, totalBegin, totalEnd);
     } else {
         sortingMesh = {};
     }
@@ -746,13 +729,13 @@ void BlocksRenderer::build(
 
     denseRender = false;
     densePass = false;
-    render(voxels, beginEnds);
+    render(voxels, totalBegin, totalEnd);
 
     size_t endIndex = indexCount;
     
     denseRender = true;
     densePass = settings.graphics.denseRender.get();
-    render(voxels, beginEnds);
+    render(voxels, totalBegin, totalEnd);
 
     denseIndexCount = indexCount;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < denseIndexCount; i++) {
@@ -761,7 +744,7 @@ void BlocksRenderer::build(
 
     indexCount = endIndex;
     densePass = false;
-    render(voxels, beginEnds);
+    render(voxels, totalBegin, totalEnd);
 }
 
 ChunkMeshData BlocksRenderer::createMesh() {

src/graphics/render/BlocksRenderer.hpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class BlocksRenderer final {
 public:
     BlocksRenderer(
         size_t capacity,
-        const Content& content,
+        const Block* const* blockDefs,
         const ContentGfxCache& cache,
         const EngineSettings& settings
     );
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ public:
     }
 private:
     static const glm::vec3 SUN_VECTOR;
-    const Content& content;
     std::unique_ptr<ChunkVertex[]> vertexBuffer;
     std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> indexBuffer;
     std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> denseIndexBuffer;
@@ -145,13 +144,16 @@ private:
     );
 
     // Does block allow to see other blocks sides (is it transparent)
-    inline bool isOpen(const glm::ivec3& pos, const Block& def, const Variant& variant) const {
+    bool isOpen(const glm::ivec3& pos, const Block& def, const Variant& variant) const {
         const auto& vox = voxelsBuffer->pickBlock(
             chunk->x * CHUNK_W + pos.x, pos.y, chunk->z * CHUNK_D + pos.z
         );
         if (vox.id == BLOCK_VOID) {
             return false;
         }
+        if (def.rt.id == vox.id && def.rt.solid && variant.culling == CullingMode::DEFAULT) {
+            return false;
+        }
         const auto& block = *blockDefsCache[vox.id];
         const auto& blockVariant = block.getVariantByBits(vox.state.userbits);
         uint8_t otherDrawGroup = blockVariant.drawGroup;
@@ -178,6 +180,6 @@ private:
         float x, float y, float z, const glm::ivec3& right, const glm::ivec3& up
     ) const;
 
-    void render(const voxel* voxels, const int beginEnds[256][2]);
-    SortingMeshData renderTranslucent(const voxel* voxels, int beginEnds[256][2]);
+    void render(const voxel* voxels, int totalBegin, int totalEnd);
+    SortingMeshData renderTranslucent(const voxel* voxels, int totalBegin, int totalEnd);
 };

src/graphics/render/ChunksRenderer.cpp

@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@
 #include "world/Level.hpp"
 #include "window/Camera.hpp"
 #include "maths/FrustumCulling.hpp"
+#include "maths/util.hpp"
 #include "util/listutil.hpp"
 #include "util/ObjectsPool.hpp"
+#include "util/timeutil.hpp"
 #include "settings.hpp"
+#include "content/Content.hpp"
 
 static debug::Logger logger("chunks-render");
 
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ public:
               settings.graphics.denseRender.get()
                   ? settings.graphics.chunkMaxVerticesDense.get()
                   : settings.graphics.chunkMaxVertices.get(),
-              level.content,
+              level.content.getIndices()->blocks.getDefs(),
               cache,
               settings
           ) {
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ ChunksRenderer::ChunksRenderer(
     threadPool.setStopOnFail(false);
     renderer = std::make_unique<BlocksRenderer>(
         settings.graphics.chunkMaxVertices.get(), 
-        level.content, cache, settings
+        level.content.getIndices()->blocks.getDefs(), cache, settings
     );
     logger.info() << "created " << threadPool.getWorkersCount() << " workers";
     logger.info() << "memory consumption is "
@@ -122,30 +125,30 @@ std::shared_ptr<VoxelsRenderVolume> ChunksRenderer::prepareVoxelsVolume(
     return voxelsBuffer;
 }
 
-const ChunkMesh* ChunksRenderer::render(
-    const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk, bool important, bool lowPriority
+void ChunksRenderer::renderBlocking(const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk) {
+    glm::ivec2 key(chunk->x, chunk->z);
+    ChunkMesh mesh {};
+    auto voxelsBuffer = prepareVoxelsVolume(*chunk);
+    mesh = renderer->render(chunk.get(), *voxelsBuffer);
+    meshes[key] = std::move(mesh);
+    chunk->flags.modified = false;
+}
+
+void ChunksRenderer::render(
+    const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk, bool lowPriority
 ) {
     glm::ivec2 key(chunk->x, chunk->z);
-    if (important) {
-        ChunkMesh mesh {};
-        auto voxelsBuffer = prepareVoxelsVolume(*chunk);
-        mesh = renderer->render(chunk.get(), *voxelsBuffer);
-        meshes[key] = std::move(mesh);
-        chunk->flags.modified = false;
-        return &meshes[key];
-    }
     if (inwork.find(key) != inwork.end() ||
         ((inwork.size() >= threadPool.getWorkersCount() ||
           enqueuedInFrame >= MAX_CHUNKS_ENQUEUED_IN_FRAME) &&
          lowPriority)) {
-        return nullptr;
+        return;
     }
     chunk->flags.modified = false;
     enqueuedInFrame++;
     auto voxelsBuffer = prepareVoxelsVolume(*chunk);
     threadPool.enqueueJob({chunk, std::move(voxelsBuffer)});
     inwork[key] = true;
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
 void ChunksRenderer::unload(const Chunk* chunk) {
@@ -161,76 +164,69 @@ void ChunksRenderer::clear() {
     threadPool.clearQueue();
 }
 
-const ChunkMesh* ChunksRenderer::getOrRender(
-    const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk, bool important, bool lowPriority
-) {
-    auto found = meshes.find(glm::ivec2(chunk->x, chunk->z));
-    if (found == meshes.end()) {
-        return render(chunk, important, lowPriority);
-    }
-    if (chunk->flags.modified && chunk->flags.lighted) {
-        render(chunk, important, lowPriority);
-    }
-    return &found->second;
-}
-
 void ChunksRenderer::update() {
     threadPool.pullResults();
     enqueuedInFrame = 0;
-}
 
-const Mesh<ChunkVertex>* ChunksRenderer::retrieveChunk(
-    size_t index, const Camera& camera, bool culling
-) {
-    auto chunk = chunks.getChunks()[index];
-    if (chunk == nullptr) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    if (!chunk->flags.lighted) {
-        const auto& found = meshes.find({chunk->x, chunk->z});
-        if (found == meshes.end()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        } else {
-            return found->second.mesh.get();
+    int width = chunks.getWidth();
+    int halfWidth = width / 2;
+    int halfHeight = chunks.getHeight() / 2;
+    int centerX = chunks.getOffsetX() + halfWidth;
+    int centerY = chunks.getOffsetY() + halfHeight;
+
+    meshBuildQueue.clear();
+    auto& chunksArray = chunks.getChunks();
+    for (int index = 0; index < chunks.getVolume(); index++) {
+        const auto& chunk = chunks.getChunks()[index];
+        if (chunk == nullptr || !chunk->flags.lighted) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        int x = chunk->x;
+        int z = chunk->z;
+        if (chunk->flags.modified || meshes.find({x, z}) == meshes.end()) {
+            meshBuildQueue.emplace_back(x - centerX, z - centerY);
         }
     }
-    float distance = glm::distance(
-        camera.position,
-        glm::vec3(
-            (chunk->x + 0.5f) * CHUNK_W,
-            camera.position.y,
-            (chunk->z + 0.5f) * CHUNK_D
-        )
+    std::sort(
+        meshBuildQueue.begin(),
+        meshBuildQueue.end(),
+        [](const glm::ivec2& a, const glm::ivec2& b) {
+            return util::length2(a) < util::length2(b);
+        }
     );
-    auto mesh = getOrRender(
-        chunk,
-        distance < CHUNK_W * 1.5f,
-        distance > CHUNK_W * settings.chunks.loadDistance.get() * 0.5
-    );
-    if (mesh == nullptr) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    if (chunk->flags.dirtyHeights) {
-        chunk->updateHeights();
-    }
-    if (culling) {
-        const auto& meshAABB = mesh->meshAABB;
-        auto aabbMin = meshAABB.min();
-        auto aabbMax = meshAABB.max();
-        glm::vec3 min(
-            chunk->x * CHUNK_W + std::min(0.0f, aabbMin.x),
-            chunk->bottom,
-            chunk->z * CHUNK_D + std::min(0.0f, aabbMin.z)
-        );
-        glm::vec3 max(
-            chunk->x * CHUNK_W + aabbMax.x,
-            chunk->top,
-            chunk->z * CHUNK_D + aabbMax.z
-        );
 
-        if (!frustum.isBoxVisible(min, max)) return nullptr;
+    int loadDistance = settings.chunks.loadDistance.get();
+
+    const int topN = 10;
+    int top = std::min<int>(meshBuildQueue.size(), topN);
+    for (int i = 0; i < top; i++) {
+        glm::ivec2 offset = meshBuildQueue[i];
+        size_t index =
+            (offset.y + halfHeight) * width + offset.x + halfWidth;
+
+        auto& chunk = chunksArray[index];
+        assert(chunk != nullptr);
+
+        float distance = glm::distance(
+            glm::vec3 (centerX, 0.0f, centerY),
+            glm::vec3(
+                (chunk->x + 0.5f) * CHUNK_W,
+                0,
+                (chunk->z + 0.5f) * CHUNK_D
+            )
+        );
+        bool important = distance < CHUNK_W * 1.5f;
+        bool lowPriority = distance > CHUNK_W * loadDistance * 0.5;
+
+        if (chunk->flags.dirtyHeights) {
+            chunk->updateHeights();
+        }
+        if (important) {
+            renderBlocking(chunk);
+        } else {
+            render(chunk, lowPriority);
+        }
     }
-    return mesh->mesh.get();
 }
 
 void ChunksRenderer::drawShadowsPass(
@@ -317,16 +313,43 @@ void ChunksRenderer::drawChunks(
     // TODO: minimize draw calls number
     for (int i = indices.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) {
         auto& chunk = chunks.getChunks()[indices[i].index];
-        auto mesh = retrieveChunk(indices[i].index, camera, culling);
-        if (mesh == nullptr) {
+        if (chunk == nullptr) {
             continue;
         }
+        auto found = meshes.find(glm::ivec2(chunk->x, chunk->z));
+        if (found == meshes.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto& mesh = found->second;
+        if (mesh.mesh == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (culling) {
+            const auto& meshAABB = mesh.meshAABB;
+            auto aabbMin = meshAABB.min();
+            auto aabbMax = meshAABB.max();
+            glm::vec3 min(
+                chunk->x * CHUNK_W + std::min(0.0f, aabbMin.x),
+                chunk->bottom,
+                chunk->z * CHUNK_D + std::min(0.0f, aabbMin.z)
+            );
+            glm::vec3 max(
+                chunk->x * CHUNK_W + aabbMax.x,
+                chunk->top,
+                chunk->z * CHUNK_D + aabbMax.z
+            );
+
+            if (!frustum.isBoxVisible(min, max)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
         glm::vec3 coord(
             chunk->x * CHUNK_W + 0.5f, 0.5f, chunk->z * CHUNK_D + 0.5f
         );
         glm::mat4 model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), coord);
         shader.uniformMatrix("u_model", model);
-        mesh->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, glm::distance2(camera.position * glm::vec3(1, 0, 1), 
+        mesh.mesh->draw(GL_TRIANGLES, glm::distance2(camera.position * glm::vec3(1, 0, 1), 
             (coord + glm::vec3(CHUNK_W * 0.5f, 0.0f, CHUNK_D * 0.5f))) < denseDistance2);
         visibleChunks++;
     }

src/graphics/render/ChunksRenderer.hpp

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#define GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
+
+#include "util/ThreadPool.hpp"
+#include "commons.hpp"
+
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
-#define GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
 #include <glm/gtx/hash.hpp>
 
-#include "util/ThreadPool.hpp"
-#include "commons.hpp"
-
 template<typename VertexStructure> class Mesh;
 class Chunk;
 class Level;
@@ -44,22 +45,6 @@ struct RendererJob {
 };
 
 class ChunksRenderer {
-    const Chunks& chunks;
-    const Assets& assets;
-    const Frustum& frustum;
-    const EngineSettings& settings;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<BlocksRenderer> renderer;
-    std::unordered_map<glm::ivec2, ChunkMesh> meshes;
-    std::unordered_map<glm::ivec2, bool> inwork;
-    std::vector<ChunksSortEntry> indices;
-    util::ThreadPool<RendererJob, RendererResult> threadPool;
-    const Mesh<ChunkVertex>* retrieveChunk(
-        size_t index, const Camera& camera, bool culling
-    );
-    std::shared_ptr<VoxelsRenderVolume> prepareVoxelsVolume(const Chunk& chunk);
-
-    size_t enqueuedInFrame = 0;
 public:
     ChunksRenderer(
         const Level& level,
@@ -69,18 +54,11 @@ public:
         const ContentGfxCache& cache, 
         const EngineSettings& settings
     );
-    virtual ~ChunksRenderer();
+    ~ChunksRenderer();
 
-    const ChunkMesh* render(
-        const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk, bool important, bool lowPriority
-    );
     void unload(const Chunk* chunk);
     void clear();
 
-    const ChunkMesh* getOrRender(
-        const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk, bool important, bool lowPriority
-    );
-
     void drawShadowsPass(
         const Camera& camera, Shader& shader, const Camera& playerCamera
     );
@@ -92,4 +70,25 @@ public:
     void update();
 
     static size_t visibleChunks;
+
+private:
+    const Chunks& chunks;
+    const Assets& assets;
+    const Frustum& frustum;
+    const EngineSettings& settings;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<BlocksRenderer> renderer;
+    std::unordered_map<glm::ivec2, ChunkMesh> meshes;
+    std::unordered_map<glm::ivec2, bool> inwork;
+    std::vector<ChunksSortEntry> indices;
+    util::ThreadPool<RendererJob, RendererResult> threadPool;
+    std::vector<glm::ivec2> meshBuildQueue;
+
+    size_t enqueuedInFrame = 0;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<VoxelsRenderVolume> prepareVoxelsVolume(const Chunk& chunk);
+
+    void render(const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk, bool lowPriority);
+
+    void renderBlocking(const std::shared_ptr<Chunk>& chunk);
 };

src/graphics/render/CloudsRenderer.cpp

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ void CloudsRenderer::draw(
 
     shader.uniform4f("u_tint", glm::vec4(weather.cloudsTint(), 1.0f));
     shader.uniform1f("u_fogFactor", fogFactor * 0.03f);
-    shader.uniform1f("u_fogCurve", 0.7f - 0.3f);
+    shader.uniform1f("u_fogCurve", 0.4f);
 
     for (int i = 0; i < std::min<int>(quality, layers.size()); i++) {
         draw(layers[i], frustum, shader, camera, timer, i);

src/graphics/render/DebugLinesRenderer.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ void DebugLinesRenderer::drawCoordSystem(
 }
 
 void DebugLinesRenderer::render(
-    DrawContext& pctx,
+    const DrawContext& pctx,
     const Camera& camera,
     LineBatch& linesBatch,
     Shader& linesShader,

src/graphics/render/DebugLinesRenderer.hpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public:
     /// @param linesShader Shader used for rendering lines
     /// @param showChunkBorders Whether to show chunk borders
     void render(
-        DrawContext& ctx,
+        const DrawContext& ctx,
         const Camera& camera,
         LineBatch& linesBatch,
         Shader& linesShader,

src/graphics/render/Decorator.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "voxels/blocks_agent.hpp"
 #include "window/Camera.hpp"
 #include "world/Level.hpp"
+#include "world/Weather.hpp"
 #include "WorldRenderer.hpp"
 
 namespace fs = std::filesystem;

src/graphics/render/MainBatch.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void MainBatch::flush() {
         texture = blank.get();
     }
     texture->bind();
-    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index);
+    mesh->reload(buffer.get(), index, true);
     mesh->draw();
     index = 0;
 }

src/graphics/render/WorldRenderer.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@
 #include "window/Window.hpp"
 #include "world/Level.hpp"
 #include "world/LevelEvents.hpp"
+#include "world/Weather.hpp"
 #include "world/World.hpp"
+#include "debug/Logger.hpp"
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -62,9 +64,20 @@
 inline constexpr size_t BATCH3D_CAPACITY = 4096;
 inline constexpr size_t MODEL_BATCH_CAPACITY = 20'000;
 
+static debug::Logger logger("world-renderer");
+
 bool WorldRenderer::showChunkBorders = false;
 bool WorldRenderer::showEntitiesDebug = false;
 
+template <typename T>
+static ObserverHandler observe_setting(
+    ObservableSetting<T>& setting, bool& dirtySettings
+) {
+    return setting.observe([&dirtySettings](auto const&) {
+        dirtySettings = true;
+    });
+}
+
 WorldRenderer::WorldRenderer(
     Engine& engine, LevelFrontend& frontend, Player& player
 )
@@ -72,6 +85,7 @@ WorldRenderer::WorldRenderer(
       level(frontend.getLevel()),
       player(player),
       assets(*engine.getAssets()),
+      weather(frontend.getWeather()),
       frustumCulling(std::make_unique<Frustum>()),
       lineBatch(std::make_unique<LineBatch>()),
       batch3d(std::make_unique<Batch3D>(BATCH3D_CAPACITY)),
@@ -120,10 +134,41 @@ WorldRenderer::WorldRenderer(
     shadowMapping = std::make_unique<Shadows>(level);
     debugLines = std::make_unique<DebugLinesRenderer>(level);
     cloudsRenderer = std::make_unique<CloudsRenderer>();
+
+    keepAlive(observe_setting(settings.graphics.advancedRender, dirtySettings));
+    keepAlive(observe_setting(settings.graphics.shadowsQuality, dirtySettings));
+    keepAlive(observe_setting(settings.graphics.ssao, dirtySettings));
 }
 
 WorldRenderer::~WorldRenderer() = default;
 
+void WorldRenderer::refreshSettings() {
+    Shader* affectedShaders[] {
+        &assets.require<Shader>("main"),
+        &assets.require<Shader>("entity"),
+        &assets.require<Shader>("clouds"),
+        &assets.require<Shader>("translucent"),
+        &assets.require<PostEffect>("deferred_lighting").getShader(),
+        nullptr
+    };
+
+    const auto& graphics = engine.getSettings().graphics;
+    gbufferPipeline = graphics.advancedRender.get();
+
+    int shadowsQuality = graphics.shadowsQuality.get() * gbufferPipeline;
+    shadowMapping->setQuality(shadowsQuality);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> defines;
+    if (shadowsQuality != 0) defines.emplace_back("ENABLE_SHADOWS");
+    if (graphics.ssao.get()) defines.emplace_back("ENABLE_SSAO");
+    if (gbufferPipeline) defines.emplace_back("ADVANCED_RENDER");
+
+    logger.info() << "recompiling shaders due to settings change";
+    for (size_t i = 0; affectedShaders[i]; i++) {
+        affectedShaders[i]->recompile(defines);
+    }
+}
+
 static void setup_weather(Shader& shader, const Weather& weather) {
     shader.uniform1f("u_weatherFogOpacity", weather.fogOpacity());
     shader.uniform1f("u_weatherFogDencity", weather.fogDencity());
@@ -156,7 +201,7 @@ void WorldRenderer::setupWorldShader(
     shader.uniform1f("u_fogCurve", settings.graphics.fogCurve.get());
     shader.uniform1i("u_debugLights", lightsDebug);
     shader.uniform1i("u_debugNormals", false);
-    shader.uniform1f("u_dayTime", level.getWorld()->getInfo().daytime);
+    shader.uniform1f("u_dayTime", level.getWorld().getInfo().daytime);
     shader.uniform2f("u_lightDir", skybox->getLightDir());
     shader.uniform1i("u_skybox", advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX);
 
@@ -188,8 +233,6 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderOpaque(
     const EngineSettings& settings,
     bool hudVisible
 ) {
-    texts->render(ctx, camera, settings, hudVisible, false);
-
     float fogFactor = calcFogFactor();
 
     auto& entityShader = assets.require<Shader>("entity");
@@ -212,12 +255,12 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderOpaque(
     modelBatch->render();
     particles->render(camera);
 
-    auto& shader = assets.require<Shader>("main");
+    auto& mainShader = assets.require<Shader>("main");
     auto& cloudsShader = assets.require<Shader>("clouds");
 
-    setupWorldShader(shader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
+    setupWorldShader(mainShader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
 
-    chunksRenderer->drawChunks(camera, shader);
+    chunksRenderer->drawChunks(camera, mainShader);
     blockWraps->draw(ctx);
 
     if (level.environment.sky.clouds) {
@@ -232,7 +275,7 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderOpaque(
 
     if (hudVisible) {
         auto& linesShader = assets.require<Shader>("lines");
-        renderLines(camera, linesShader, ctx);
+        renderInWorldLines(camera, linesShader, ctx);
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +308,7 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderBlockSelection() {
     lineBatch->flush();
 }
 
-void WorldRenderer::renderLines(
+void WorldRenderer::renderInWorldLines(
     const Camera& camera, Shader& linesShader, const DrawContext& pctx
 ) {
     linesShader.use();
@@ -282,193 +325,144 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderLines(
     }
 }
 
-void WorldRenderer::refreshSettings(Shader** shaders) {
-    const auto& graphics = engine.getSettings().graphics;
-    gbufferPipeline = graphics.advancedRender.get();
-
-    int shadowsQuality = graphics.shadowsQuality.get() * gbufferPipeline;
-    shadowMapping->setQuality(shadowsQuality);
-
-    CompileTimeShaderSettings currentSettings {
-        gbufferPipeline,
-        shadowsQuality != 0,
-        graphics.ssao.get() && gbufferPipeline};
-    if (prevCTShaderSettings.advancedRender != currentSettings.advancedRender ||
-        prevCTShaderSettings.shadows != currentSettings.shadows ||
-        prevCTShaderSettings.ssao != currentSettings.ssao) {
-        std::vector<std::string> defines;
-        if (currentSettings.shadows) defines.emplace_back("ENABLE_SHADOWS");
-        if (currentSettings.ssao) defines.emplace_back("ENABLE_SSAO");
-        if (currentSettings.advancedRender)
-            defines.emplace_back("ADVANCED_RENDER");
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; shaders[i]; i++) {
-            shaders[i]->recompile(defines);
-        }
-        prevCTShaderSettings = currentSettings;
-    }
-}
-
 void WorldRenderer::update(const Camera& camera, float delta) {
     timer += delta;
+    chunksRenderer->update();
     weather.update(delta);
     precipitation->update(delta);
     particles->update(camera, delta);
 }
 
+void WorldRenderer::renderFrameClassic(
+    const DrawContext& pctx,
+    Camera& camera,
+    bool hudVisible,
+    PostProcessing& postProcessing
+) {
+    const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+    const auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld().getInfo();
+
+    DrawContext ctx = pctx.sub();
+    ctx.setDepthTest(true);
+    ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
+    ctx.setFramebuffer(postProcessing.getFramebuffer());
+
+    skybox->draw(
+        level.environment, ctx, camera, worldInfo.daytime, weather.clouds()
+    );
+    texts->render(ctx, camera, settings, hudVisible, false);
+
+    if (debug && hudVisible) {
+        renderDebugLines(ctx, camera);
+    }
+
+    DrawContext wctx = ctx.sub();
+    wctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
+    wctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
+    // Translucent blocks
+    {
+        const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+        auto& translucentShader = assets.require<Shader>("translucent");
+        auto sctx = wctx.sub();
+        sctx.setCullFace(true);
+        translucentShader.use();
+        setupWorldShader(translucentShader, camera, settings, calcFogFactor());
+        chunksRenderer->drawSortedMeshes(camera, translucentShader);
+    }
+
+    renderWeatherEffects(camera);
+    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+}
+
+void WorldRenderer::renderFrameAdvanced(
+    const DrawContext& pctx,
+    Camera& camera,
+    bool hudVisible,
+    PostProcessing& postProcessing
+) {
+    const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+    const auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld().getInfo();
+    float fogFactor = calcFogFactor();
+
+    shadowMapping->refresh(camera, pctx, [this, &camera](Camera& shadowCamera) {
+        auto& shader = assets.require<Shader>("shadows");
+        setupWorldShader(shader, shadowCamera, engine.getSettings(), 0.0f);
+        chunksRenderer->drawShadowsPass(shadowCamera, shader, camera);
+    });
+
+    auto& deferredShader =
+        assets.require<PostEffect>("deferred_lighting").getShader();
+    deferredShader.use();
+    setupWorldShader(deferredShader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
+    postProcessing.renderDeferredShading(pctx, assets, timer, camera);
+
+    DrawContext ctx = pctx.sub();
+    ctx.setDepthTest(true);
+    ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
+
+    postProcessing.bindDepthBuffer();
+    skybox->draw(
+        level.environment, ctx, camera, worldInfo.daytime, weather.clouds()
+    );
+    texts->render(ctx, camera, settings, hudVisible, false);
+    if (debug && hudVisible) {
+        renderDebugLines(ctx, camera);
+    }
+
+    DrawContext wctx = ctx.sub();
+    wctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
+    wctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
+    // Translucent blocks
+    {
+        const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+        auto& translucentShader = assets.require<Shader>("translucent");
+        auto sctx = wctx.sub();
+        sctx.setCullFace(true);
+        translucentShader.use();
+        setupWorldShader(translucentShader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
+        chunksRenderer->drawSortedMeshes(camera, translucentShader);
+    }
+
+    renderWeatherEffects(camera);
+    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+}
+
 void WorldRenderer::renderFrame(
     const DrawContext& pctx,
     Camera& camera,
     bool hudVisible,
     PostProcessing& postProcessing
 ) {
-    auto projView = camera.getProjView();
-    auto world = level.getWorld();
-
     const auto& vp = pctx.getViewport();
     camera.setAspectRatio(vp.x / static_cast<float>(vp.y));
+    if (dirtySettings) {
+        refreshSettings();
+        dirtySettings = false;
+    }
 
-    auto& mainShader = assets.require<Shader>("main");
-    auto& entityShader = assets.require<Shader>("entity");
-    auto& cloudsShader = assets.require<Shader>("clouds");
-    auto& translucentShader = assets.require<Shader>("translucent");
-    auto& deferredShader =
-        assets.require<PostEffect>("deferred_lighting").getShader();
-
-    const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
-
-    Shader* affectedShaders[] {
-        &mainShader,
-        &entityShader,
-        &cloudsShader,
-        &translucentShader,
-        &deferredShader,
-        nullptr};
-
-    refreshSettings(affectedShaders);
-
-    const auto& worldInfo = world->getInfo();
-
+    const auto& worldInfo = level.getWorld().getInfo();
     float clouds = weather.clouds();
-    clouds = glm::max(worldInfo.fog, clouds);
-    float mie = 1.0f + glm::max(worldInfo.fog, clouds * 0.5f) * 2.0f;
 
     float random = rand() / static_cast<float>(RAND_MAX);
     skybox->refresh(
         level.environment,
         pctx,
         worldInfo.daytime,
-        mie,
+        1.0f + clouds,
         weather.skyTint(),
         weather.highlight * random,
         4
     );
-
-    chunksRenderer->update();
-
-    shadowMapping->refresh(camera, pctx, [this, &camera](Camera& shadowCamera) {
-        auto& shader = assets.require<Shader>("shadows");
-        setupWorldShader(shader, shadowCamera, engine.getSettings(), 0.0f);
-        chunksRenderer->drawShadowsPass(shadowCamera, shader, camera);
-    });
-    {
-        DrawContext wctx = pctx.sub();
-        postProcessing.use(wctx, gbufferPipeline);
-        display::clearDepth();
-
-        /* Main opaque pass (GBuffer pass) */ {
-            DrawContext ctx = wctx.sub();
-            ctx.setDepthTest(true);
-            ctx.setCullFace(true);
-            ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
-            ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
-            renderOpaque(ctx, camera, settings, hudVisible);
-        }
-        texts->render(pctx, camera, settings, hudVisible, true);
-    }
-    float fogFactor = calcFogFactor();
+    renderOpaquePass(pctx, camera, hudVisible, postProcessing);
     if (gbufferPipeline) {
-        deferredShader.use();
-        setupWorldShader(deferredShader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
-        postProcessing.renderDeferredShading(pctx, assets, timer, camera);
-    }
-    {
-        DrawContext ctx = pctx.sub();
-        ctx.setDepthTest(true);
-        ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
-
-        if (gbufferPipeline) {
-            postProcessing.bindDepthBuffer();
-        } else {
-            ctx.setFramebuffer(postProcessing.getFramebuffer());
-        }
-
-        // Background sky plane
-        skybox->draw(
-            level.environment, ctx, camera, worldInfo.daytime, clouds
-        );
-
-        auto& linesShader = assets.require<Shader>("lines");
-        linesShader.use();
-        if (debug && hudVisible) {
-            debugLines->render(
-                ctx, camera, *lineBatch, linesShader, showChunkBorders
-            );
-        }
-        linesShader.uniformMatrix("u_projview", projView);
-        lineBatch->flush();
-
-        DrawContext wctx = ctx.sub();
-        wctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
-        wctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
-        // Translucent blocks
-        {
-            auto sctx = wctx.sub();
-            sctx.setCullFace(true);
-            translucentShader.use();
-            setupWorldShader(translucentShader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
-            chunksRenderer->drawSortedMeshes(camera, translucentShader);
-        }
-
-        // Weather effects
-        entityShader.use();
-        setupWorldShader(entityShader, camera, settings, fogFactor);
-
-        std::array<const WeatherPreset*, 2> weatherInstances {
-            &weather.a, &weather.b};
-        for (const auto& weather : weatherInstances) {
-            float maxIntensity = weather->fall.maxIntensity;
-            float zero = weather->fall.minOpacity;
-            float one = weather->fall.maxOpacity;
-            float t = (weather->intensity * (one - zero)) * maxIntensity + zero;
-            entityShader.uniform1i("u_alphaClip", weather->fall.opaque);
-            entityShader.uniform1f(
-                "u_opacity", weather->fall.opaque ? t * t : t
-            );
-            if (weather->intensity > 1.e-3f && !weather->fall.texture.empty()) {
-                precipitation->render(camera, *weather);
-            }
-        }
-        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+        renderFrameAdvanced(pctx, camera, hudVisible, postProcessing);
+    } else {
+        renderFrameClassic(pctx, camera, hudVisible, postProcessing);
     }
     postProcessing.render(pctx, assets, timer, camera);
 
     if (player.currentCamera == player.fpCamera) {
-        DrawContext ctx = pctx.sub();
-        ctx.setDepthTest(true);
-        ctx.setCullFace(true);
-        ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
-        ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
-        display::clearDepth();
-
-        // prepare modified HUD camera
-        Camera hudcam = camera;
-        hudcam.far = 10.0f;
-        hudcam.setFov(0.9f);
-        hudcam.position = {};
-
-        setupWorldShader(entityShader, hudcam, engine.getSettings(), 0.0f);
-        hands->render(camera);
+        renderHandsPass(pctx, camera);
     }
     {
         auto bctx = pctx.sub();
@@ -478,6 +472,83 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderFrame(
     glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
 }
 
+
+void WorldRenderer::renderOpaquePass(
+    const DrawContext& pctx,
+    Camera& camera, 
+    bool hudVisible,
+    PostProcessing& postProcessing
+) {
+    const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+
+    DrawContext wctx = pctx.sub();
+    postProcessing.use(wctx, gbufferPipeline);
+    display::clearDepth();
+
+    /* Main opaque pass (GBuffer pass) */ {
+        DrawContext ctx = wctx.sub();
+        ctx.setDepthTest(true);
+        ctx.setCullFace(true);
+        ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
+        ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
+        renderOpaque(ctx, camera, settings, hudVisible);
+    }
+    texts->render(wctx, camera, settings, hudVisible, true);
+}
+
+void WorldRenderer::renderWeatherEffects(Camera& camera) {
+    const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
+    auto& entityShader = assets.require<Shader>("entity");
+    entityShader.use();
+    setupWorldShader(entityShader, camera, settings, calcFogFactor());
+
+    std::array<const WeatherPreset*, 2> weatherInstances {
+        &weather.a, &weather.b};
+    for (const auto& weather : weatherInstances) {
+        float maxIntensity = weather->fall.maxIntensity;
+        float zero = weather->fall.minOpacity;
+        float one = weather->fall.maxOpacity;
+        float t = (weather->intensity * (one - zero)) * maxIntensity + zero;
+        entityShader.uniform1i("u_alphaClip", weather->fall.opaque);
+        entityShader.uniform1f(
+            "u_opacity", weather->fall.opaque ? t * t : t
+        );
+        if (weather->intensity > 1.e-3f && !weather->fall.texture.empty()) {
+            precipitation->render(camera, *weather);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void WorldRenderer::renderDebugLines(const DrawContext& ctx, Camera& camera) {
+    auto& linesShader = assets.require<Shader>("lines");
+    linesShader.use();
+    debugLines->render(
+        ctx, camera, *lineBatch, linesShader, showChunkBorders
+    );
+    linesShader.uniformMatrix("u_projview", camera.getProjView());
+    lineBatch->flush();
+}
+
+void WorldRenderer::renderHandsPass(const DrawContext& pctx, Camera& camera) {
+    auto& entityShader = assets.require<Shader>("entity");
+
+    DrawContext ctx = pctx.sub();
+    ctx.setDepthTest(true);
+    ctx.setCullFace(true);
+    ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_SKYBOX, skybox->getCubemap());
+    ctx.useTexture(advanced_pipeline::TARGET_COLOR, nullptr);
+    display::clearDepth();
+
+    // prepare modified HUD camera
+    Camera hudcam = camera;
+    hudcam.far = 10.0f;
+    hudcam.setFov(0.9f);
+    hudcam.position = {};
+
+    setupWorldShader(entityShader, hudcam, engine.getSettings(), 0.0f);
+    hands->render(camera);
+}
+
 void WorldRenderer::renderBlockOverlay(const DrawContext& wctx) {
     int x = std::floor(player.currentCamera->position.x);
     int y = std::floor(player.currentCamera->position.y);
@@ -523,7 +594,7 @@ void WorldRenderer::renderBlockOverlay(const DrawContext& wctx) {
     batch3d->flush();
 }
 
-void WorldRenderer::clear() {
+void WorldRenderer::resetCache() {
     chunksRenderer->clear();
 }
 

src/graphics/render/WorldRenderer.hpp

@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@
 #include "typedefs.hpp"
 
 #include "presets/WeatherPreset.hpp"
-#include "world/Weather.hpp"
 #include "window/Camera.hpp"
+#include "util/ObjectsKeeper.hpp"
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 
 class Assets;
@@ -36,18 +35,38 @@ class Skybox;
 class TextsRenderer;
 class CloudsRenderer;
 struct EngineSettings;
+struct Weather;
 
-struct CompileTimeShaderSettings {
-    bool advancedRender = false;
-    bool shadows = false;
-    bool ssao = false;
-};
+class WorldRenderer final : public util::ObjectsKeeper {
+public:
+    static bool showChunkBorders;
+    static bool showEntitiesDebug;
 
-class WorldRenderer {
+    WorldRenderer(Engine& engine, LevelFrontend& frontend, Player& player);
+    ~WorldRenderer();
+
+    void update(const Camera& camera, float delta);
+
+    void renderFrame(
+        const DrawContext& context, 
+        Camera& camera, 
+        bool hudVisible,
+        PostProcessing& postProcessing
+    );
+
+    void resetCache();
+
+    void setDebug(bool flag);
+
+    void toggleLightsDebug();
+
+    Weather& getWeather();
+private:
     Engine& engine;
     const Level& level;
     Player& player;
     const Assets& assets;
+    Weather& weather;
     std::unique_ptr<Frustum> frustumCulling;
     std::unique_ptr<LineBatch> lineBatch;
     std::unique_ptr<Batch3D> batch3d;
@@ -59,14 +78,12 @@ class WorldRenderer {
     std::unique_ptr<DebugLinesRenderer> debugLines;
     std::unique_ptr<PrecipitationRenderer> precipitation;
     std::unique_ptr<CloudsRenderer> cloudsRenderer;
-    Weather weather {};
     
     float timer = 0.0f;
     bool debug = false;
     bool lightsDebug = false;
     bool gbufferPipeline = false;
-
-    CompileTimeShaderSettings prevCTShaderSettings {};
+    bool dirtySettings = true;
 
     /// @brief Render block selection lines
     void renderBlockSelection();
@@ -74,7 +91,7 @@ class WorldRenderer {
     /// @brief Render lines (selection and debug)
     /// @param camera active camera
     /// @param linesShader shader used
-    void renderLines(
+    void renderInWorldLines(
         const Camera& camera, Shader& linesShader, const DrawContext& pctx
     );
 
@@ -98,7 +115,34 @@ class WorldRenderer {
         bool hudVisible
     );
 
-    void refreshSettings(Shader** shaders);
+    void renderOpaquePass(
+        const DrawContext& context,
+        Camera& camera,
+        bool hudVisible,
+        PostProcessing& postProcessing
+    );
+
+    void renderWeatherEffects(Camera& camera);
+
+    void renderHandsPass(const DrawContext& pctx, Camera& camera);
+
+    void renderDebugLines(const DrawContext& context, Camera& camera);
+
+    void renderFrameClassic(
+        const DrawContext& context, 
+        Camera& camera, 
+        bool hudVisible,
+        PostProcessing& postProcessing
+    );
+
+    void renderFrameAdvanced(
+        const DrawContext& context, 
+        Camera& camera, 
+        bool hudVisible,
+        PostProcessing& postProcessing
+    );
+
+    void refreshSettings();
 
     float calcFogFactor() const;
 public:
@@ -106,27 +150,4 @@ public:
     std::unique_ptr<TextsRenderer> texts;
     std::unique_ptr<BlockWrapsRenderer> blockWraps;
     std::unique_ptr<NamedSkeletons> skeletons;
-
-    static bool showChunkBorders;
-    static bool showEntitiesDebug;
-
-    WorldRenderer(Engine& engine, LevelFrontend& frontend, Player& player);
-    ~WorldRenderer();
-
-    void update(const Camera& camera, float delta);
-
-    void renderFrame(
-        const DrawContext& context, 
-        Camera& camera, 
-        bool hudVisible,
-        PostProcessing& postProcessing
-    );
-
-    void clear();
-
-    void setDebug(bool flag);
-
-    void toggleLightsDebug();
-
-    Weather& getWeather();
 };

src/io/devices/Device.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
-#include <iostream>
+#include <iosfwd>
 #include <filesystem>
 
 #include "../path.hpp"

src/items/Inventories.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Inventories::Inventories(Level& level) : level(level) {
 Inventories::~Inventories() = default;
 
 std::shared_ptr<Inventory> Inventories::create(size_t size) {
-    int64_t id = level.getWorld()->getNextInventoryId();
+    int64_t id = level.getWorld().getNextInventoryId();
     auto inv = std::make_shared<Inventory>(id, size);
     store(inv);
     return inv;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Inventory> Inventories::clone(int64_t id) {
     auto original = get(id);
     if (original == nullptr) return nullptr;
     auto clone = std::make_shared<Inventory>(*original);
-    clone->setId(level.getWorld()->getNextInventoryId());
+    clone->setId(level.getWorld().getNextInventoryId());
     store(clone);
     return clone;
 }

src/logic/ChunksController.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ChunksController::ChunksController(Level& level)
       generator(std::make_unique<WorldGenerator>(
           level.content.generators.require(level.environment.generator),
           level.content,
-          level.getWorld()->getSeed()
+          level.getWorld().getSeed()
       )) {}
 
 ChunksController::~ChunksController() = default;

src/logic/EngineController.cpp

@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ void EngineController::setLocalPlayer(int64_t player) {
     localPlayer = player;
 }
 
-void EngineController::reopenWorld(World* world) {
-    std::string name = world->wfile->getFolder().name();
+void EngineController::reopenWorld(World& world) {
+    std::string name = world.wfile->getFolder().name();
     engine.onWorldClosed();
     openWorld(name, true);
 }
@@ -384,16 +384,16 @@ void EngineController::reconfigPacks(
             }
         } else {
             auto level = controller->getLevel();
-            auto world = level->getWorld();
+            auto& world = level->getWorld();
             controller->processBeforeQuit();
             controller->saveWorld();
 
-            auto names = PacksManager::getNames(world->getPacks());
+            auto names = PacksManager::getNames(world.getPacks());
             auto& manager = contentControl.scan();
             reconfig_packs_inside(manager, names, packsToAdd, packsToRemove);
 
             const auto& settings = engine.getSettings();
-            auto& wfile = *world->wfile;
+            auto& wfile = *world.wfile;
             if (!settings.debug.generatorTestMode.get()) {
                 wfile.removeIndices(packsToRemove);
             }

src/logic/EngineController.hpp

@@ -41,5 +41,5 @@ public:
 
     void setLocalPlayer(int64_t player);
 
-    void reopenWorld(World* world);
+    void reopenWorld(World& world);
 };

src/logic/LevelController.cpp

@@ -140,16 +140,16 @@ void LevelController::processBeforeQuit() {
 }
 
 void LevelController::saveWorld() {
-    auto world = level->getWorld();
-    if (world->isNameless()) {
+    auto& world = level->getWorld();
+    if (world.isNameless()) {
         logger.info() << "nameless world will not be saved";
         return;
     }
-    logger.info() << "writing world '" << world->getName() << "'";
-    world->wfile->createDirectories();
+    logger.info() << "writing world '" << world.getName() << "'";
+    world.wfile->createDirectories();
     scripting::on_world_save();
     level->onSave();
-    level->getWorld()->write(*level);
+    level->getWorld().write(*level);
 }
 
 void LevelController::onWorldQuit() {

src/logic/PlayerController.cpp

@@ -340,6 +340,19 @@ static int determine_rotation(
                 if (camDir.z > 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_SOUTH | verticalBit;
                 if (camDir.z < 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_NORTH | verticalBit;
             }
+        } else if (name == "ladder") {
+            if (norm.x < 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_EAST;
+            if (norm.x > 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_WEST;
+            if (norm.z > 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_NORTH;
+            if (norm.z < 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_SOUTH;
+            if (abs(camDir.x) > abs(camDir.z)) {
+                if (camDir.x > 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_EAST;
+                if (camDir.x < 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_WEST;
+            }
+            if (abs(camDir.x) < abs(camDir.z)) {
+                if (camDir.z > 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_SOUTH;
+                if (camDir.z < 0.0f) return BLOCK_DIR_NORTH;
+            }
         }
     }
     return 0;

src/logic/scripting/lua/libs/libweather.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "world/Level.hpp"
 #include "world/World.hpp"
+#include "world/Weather.hpp"
 
 using namespace scripting;
 
@@ -9,6 +10,11 @@ static Weather& require_weather() {
     if (level == nullptr) {
         throw std::runtime_error("world is not open");
     }
+    if (renderer == nullptr) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(
+            "world frontend is not initialized yet (wait for on_hud_open event)"
+        );
+    }
     return renderer->getWeather();
 }
 

src/logic/scripting/lua/libs/libworld.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static Level& require_level() {
 }
 
 static WorldInfo& require_world_info() {
-    return require_level().getWorld()->getInfo();
+    return require_level().getWorld().getInfo();
 }
 
 static int l_is_open(lua::State* L) {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ static int l_get_chunk_data(lua::State* L) {
     auto voxelData = std::make_unique<ubyte[]>(CHUNK_DATA_LEN);
     std::vector<ubyte> chunkData;
     if (chunk == nullptr) {
-        auto& regions = level->getWorld()->wfile->getRegions();
+        auto& regions = level->getWorld().wfile->getRegions();
         if (!regions.getVoxels(x, z, voxelData.get())) {
             return 0;
         }
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ static int l_save_chunk_data(lua::State* L) {
             reinterpret_cast<const ubyte*>(buffer.data()),
             reinterpret_cast<const ubyte*>(buffer.data()) + buffer.size()
         ),
-        level->getWorld()->wfile->getRegions()
+        level->getWorld().wfile->getRegions()
     );
     return 0;
 }

src/logic/scripting/lua/usertypes/lua_type_heightmap.cpp

@@ -264,6 +264,12 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, lua_CFunction> methods {
     {"min", lua::wrap<l_binop_func<util::min>>},
     {"max", lua::wrap<l_binop_func<util::max>>},
     {"abs", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::abs>>},
+    {"floor", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::floor>>},
+    {"round", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::round>>},
+    {"ceil", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::ceil>>},
+    {"sin", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::sin>>},
+    {"cos", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::cos>>},
+    {"tan", lua::wrap<l_unaryop_func<util::tan>>},
     {"resize", lua::wrap<l_resize>},
     {"crop", lua::wrap<l_crop>},
     {"at", lua::wrap<l_at>},

src/logic/scripting/scripting.cpp

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ void scripting::on_world_load(LevelController* controller) {
     for (auto& pack : content_control->getAllContentPacks()) {
         lua::emit_event(L, pack.id + ":.worldopen", [](auto L) {
             return lua::pushboolean(
-                L, !scripting::level->getWorld()->getInfo().isLoaded
+                L, !scripting::level->getWorld().getInfo().isLoaded
             );
         });
     }

src/maths/util.hpp

@@ -109,12 +109,16 @@ namespace util {
 
     /// @return integer square of vector length
     /// @note glm::length2 does not support integer vectors
-    inline int length2(const glm::ivec3& a) {
+    inline long long int length2(const glm::ivec2& a) {
+        return a.x * a.x + a.y * a.y;
+    }
+    
+    inline long long int length2(const glm::ivec3& a) {
         return a.x * a.x + a.y * a.y + a.z * a.z;
     }
 
     /// @return integer square of vector length
-    inline int length2(int x, int y, int z) {
+    inline long long int length2(int x, int y, int z) {
         return x * x + y * y + z * z;
     }
 

src/objects/Players.cpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Player* Players::getNearest(const glm::vec3& position) const {
 }
 
 Player* Players::create(int64_t id) {
-    int64_t& nextPlayerID = level.getWorld()->getInfo().nextPlayerId;
+    int64_t& nextPlayerID = level.getWorld().getInfo().nextPlayerId;
     if (id == NONE) {
         id = nextPlayerID++;
     } else {
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ void Players::deserialize(const dv::value& src) {
         auto& inventory = player->getInventory();
         // invalid inventory id pre 0.25
         if (inventory->getId() == 0) {
-            inventory->setId(level.getWorld()->getNextInventoryId());
+            inventory->setId(level.getWorld().getNextInventoryId());
         }
         level.inventories->store(inventory);
     }

src/util/Clock.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "Clock.hpp"
 
-#include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 using namespace util;
@@ -20,10 +19,8 @@ int Clock::update(float delta) {
         tickTimer -= parts * delay / tickParts;
         tickTimer = std::min<float>(tickTimer, delay);
     }
-    currentTickPart += parts;
-    if (currentTickPart >= tickParts) {
-        currentTickPart %= tickParts;
-    }
+    lastPartsStart = currentTickPart;
+    currentTickPart = (currentTickPart + parts) % tickParts;
     return parts;
 }
 
@@ -40,5 +37,5 @@ int Clock::getTickId() const {
 }
 
 int Clock::convertPart(int index) const {
-    return (tickParts - currentTickPart) % tickParts + index;
+    return (lastPartsStart + index) % tickParts;
 }

src/util/Clock.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ namespace util {
         float tickTimer = 0.0f;
         int tickId = 0;
         int currentTickPart = 0;
+        int lastPartsStart = 0;
     public:
         Clock(int tickRate, int tickParts);
 

src/util/ThreadPool.hpp

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <functional>
-#include <iostream>
 #include <queue>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>

src/util/functional_util.hpp

@@ -3,31 +3,26 @@
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 
 namespace util {
-    template<class T>
-    struct pow {
-        constexpr T operator()(T a, T b) const {
-            return glm::pow(a, b);
-        }
+    template<class T, T (*F)(T, T)>
+    struct binary_op {
+        constexpr T operator()(T a, T b) const { return F(a, b); }
     };
 
-    template<class T>
-    struct min {
-        constexpr T operator()(T a, T b) const {
-            return glm::min(a, b);
-        }
+    template<class T> using pow = binary_op<T, glm::pow>;
+    template<class T> using min = binary_op<T, glm::min>;
+    template<class T> using max = binary_op<T, glm::max>;
+
+
+    template<class T, T (*F)(T)>
+    struct unary_op {
+        constexpr T operator()(T a) const { return F(a); }
     };
 
-    template<class T>
-    struct max {
-        constexpr T operator()(T a, T b) const {
-            return glm::max(a, b);
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<class T>
-    struct abs {
-        constexpr T operator()(T a) const {
-            return glm::abs(a);
-        }
-    };
+    template<typename T> using abs = unary_op<T, glm::abs>;
+    template<typename T> using floor = unary_op<T, glm::floor>;
+    template<typename T> using round = unary_op<T, glm::round>;
+    template<typename T> using ceil = unary_op<T, glm::ceil>;
+    template<typename T> using sin = unary_op<T, glm::sin>;
+    template<typename T> using cos = unary_op<T, glm::cos>;
+    template<typename T> using tan = unary_op<T, glm::tan>;
 }

src/voxels/Block.cpp

@@ -109,6 +109,17 @@ const BlockRotProfile BlockRotProfile::STAIRS {
     8
 };
 
+const BlockRotProfile BlockRotProfile::LADDER {
+    "ladder",
+    {
+        {{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}},    // North
+        {{0, 0, -1}, {0, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 0}},   // East
+        {{-1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, -1}},  // South
+        {{0, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 0}, {-1, 0, 0}},   // West
+    },
+    4
+};
+
 Block::Block(const std::string& name)
     : name(name), caption(util::id_to_caption(name)) {
     for (int i = 0; i < defaults.textureFaces.size(); i++) {

src/voxels/Block.hpp

@@ -90,9 +90,13 @@ struct BlockRotProfile {
     /// @brief Stairs, stairs and stairs
     static const BlockRotProfile STAIRS;
 
+    /// @brief Ladders, wall signs, paintings
+    static const BlockRotProfile LADDER;
+
     static inline std::string PIPE_NAME = "pipe";
     static inline std::string PANE_NAME = "pane";
     static inline std::string STAIRS_NAME = "stairs";
+    static inline std::string LADDER_NAME = "ladder";
 };
 
 enum class BlockModelType {

src/voxels/Chunk.hpp

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ public:
     voxel voxels[CHUNK_VOL] {};
     std::shared_ptr<Lightmap> lightmap;
     struct {
-        bool modified : 1;
-        bool ready : 1;
-        bool loaded : 1;
-        bool lighted : 1;
-        bool unsaved : 1;
-        bool loadedLights : 1;
-        bool entities : 1;
-        bool blocksData : 1;
-        bool dirtyHeights : 1;
-        bool inventoriesRemoved : 1;
+        bool modified : 1; // is chunk mesh should be updated
+        bool ready : 1; // is chunk ready for modifications (loaded / generated)
+        bool loaded : 1; // was chunk loaded from region
+        bool lighted : 1; // is lights built (chunk ready to be visualized)
+        bool unsaved : 1; // does chunk contain unsaved changes
+        bool loadedLights : 1; // was lights loaded from cache
+        bool entities : 1; // does chunk contain entities list changes
+        bool blocksData : 1; // does chunk contain block fields changes
+        bool dirtyHeights : 1; // is chunk bottom, top should be recalculated
+        bool inventoriesRemoved : 1; // was block inventories removed since the last save
     } flags {};
 
     uint64_t lastRandomTickId = -1;

src/voxels/GlobalChunks.cpp

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Chunk> GlobalChunks::create(int x, int z, bool lighting) {
         chunks_pool.create(x, z, lighting ? lightmaps_pool.create() : nullptr);
     chunksMap[keyfrom(x, z)] = chunk;
 
-    World& world = *level.getWorld();
+    World& world = level.getWorld();
     auto& regions = world.wfile.get()->getRegions();
 
     if (regions.getVoxels(chunk->x, chunk->z, voxelDataBuffer.get())) {
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ void GlobalChunks::save(Chunk* chunk) {
     if (!entities.empty()) {
         chunk->flags.entities = true;
     }
-    level.getWorld()->wfile->getRegions().put(
+    level.getWorld().wfile->getRegions().put(
         chunk,
         chunk->flags.entities ? json::to_binary(root, true)
                                 : std::vector<ubyte>()

src/voxels/VoxelsVolume.hpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public:
         return lights.get();
     }
 
-    inline blockid_t pickBlockId(int bx, int by, int bz) const {
+    blockid_t pickBlockId(int bx, int by, int bz) const {
         if (bx < x || by < y || bz < z || bx >= x + w || by >= y + h ||
             bz >= z + d) {
             return BLOCK_VOID;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     
-    inline voxel pickBlock(int bx, int by, int bz) const {
+    voxel pickBlock(int bx, int by, int bz) const {
         if (bx < x || by < y || bz < z || bx >= x + w || by >= y + h ||
             bz >= z + d) {
             return {BLOCK_VOID, {}};
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public:
         return voxels[vox_index(bx - x, by - y, bz - z, w, d)];
     }
 
-    inline light_t pickLight(int bx, int by, int bz) const {
+    light_t pickLight(int bx, int by, int bz) const {
         if (bx < x || by < y || bz < z || bx >= x + w || by >= y + h ||
             bz >= z + d) {
             return 0;
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ private:
 template <int w, int h, int d>
 class StaticVoxelsVolume {
 public:
-    static inline constexpr size_t size = w * h * d;
-    static inline constexpr int width = w;
-    static inline constexpr int height = h;
-    static inline constexpr int depth = d;
+    static constexpr size_t size = w * h * d;
+    static constexpr int width = w;
+    static constexpr int height = h;
+    static constexpr int depth = d;
 
     StaticVoxelsVolume()
      : StaticVoxelsVolume(0, 0, 0) {}
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public:
         return lights;
     }
 
-    inline blockid_t pickBlockId(uint bx, uint by, uint bz) const {
+    blockid_t pickBlockId(uint bx, uint by, uint bz) const {
         bx -= x;
         by -= y;
         bz -= z;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     
-    inline const voxel& pickBlock(uint bx, uint by, uint bz) const {
+    const voxel& pickBlock(uint bx, uint by, uint bz) const {
         bx -= x;
         by -= y;
         bz -= z;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ public:
         return voxels[vox_index(bx, by, bz, w, d)];
     }
 
-    inline light_t pickLight(uint bx, uint by, uint bz) const {
+    light_t pickLight(uint bx, uint by, uint bz) const {
         bx -= x;
         by -= y;
         bz -= z;

src/world/Level.cpp

@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ Level::Level(
 
 Level::~Level() = default;
 
-World* Level::getWorld() {
-    return world.get();
+World& Level::getWorld() {
+    return *world;
 }
 
-const World* Level::getWorld() const {
-    return world.get();
+const World& Level::getWorld() const {
+    return *world;
 }
 
 void Level::onSave() {

src/world/Level.hpp

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ public:
     );
     ~Level();
 
-    World* getWorld();
+    World& getWorld();
 
-    const World* getWorld() const;
+    const World& getWorld() const;
 
     void onSave();
 

src/world/World.cpp

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Level> World::load(
 
         if (!playerRoot["players"].empty()) {
             if (!playerRoot["players"][0].has("id")) {
-                level->getWorld()->getInfo().nextPlayerId++;
+                level->getWorld().getInfo().nextPlayerId++;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -216,9 +216,6 @@ void WorldInfo::deserialize(const dv::value& root) {
         daytimeSpeed = timeobj["day-time-speed"].asNumber();
         totalTime = timeobj["total-time"].asNumber();
     }
-    if (root.has("weather")) {
-        fog = root["weather"]["fog"].asNumber();
-    }
     nextInventoryId = root["next-inventory-id"].asInteger(2);
     nextEntityId = root["next-entity-id"].asInteger(1);
     root.at("next-player-id").get(nextPlayerId);
@@ -244,9 +241,6 @@ dv::value WorldInfo::serialize() const {
     timeobj["day-time-speed"] = daytimeSpeed;
     timeobj["total-time"] = totalTime;
 
-    root["weather"] = dv::object();
-    root["weather"]["fog"] = fog;
-
     root["next-inventory-id"] = nextInventoryId;
     root["next-entity-id"] = nextEntityId;
     root["next-player-id"] = nextPlayerId;

src/world/World.hpp

@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@ struct WorldInfo : public Serializable {
     /// @brief total time passed in the world (not depending on daytimeSpeed)
     double totalTime = 0.0;
 
-    /// @brief will be replaced with weather in future
-    float fog = 0.0f;
-
     entityid_t nextEntityId = 0;
 
     int major = 0, minor = -1;
@@ -70,6 +67,8 @@ public:
         const std::vector<ContentPack>& packs
     );
 
+    World(const World&) = delete;
+
     ~World();
 
     /// @brief Update world day-time and total time

src/world/generator/VoxelFragment.cpp

@@ -219,7 +219,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<VoxelFragment> VoxelFragment::rotated(const Content& content) co
                                     | ((voxel.state.segment & 0b100) >> 2);
                 auto& def = content.blocks.require(blockNames[voxel.id]);
                 if (def.rotations.name == BlockRotProfile::PANE_NAME ||
-                      def.rotations.name == BlockRotProfile::PIPE_NAME) {
+                      def.rotations.name == BlockRotProfile::PIPE_NAME ||
+                      def.rotations.name == BlockRotProfile::LADDER_NAME) {
                     if (voxel.state.rotation < 4) {
                         voxel.state.rotation = (voxel.state.rotation + 3) & 0b11;
                     }